Special Degree in Maths

FOURTH YEAR COURSES :

PMS 4111 Algebra I

PMS 4112 Algebra II

PMS 4113 Analysis I

PMS 4114 Analysis II

PMS 4115 Analysis III

PMS 4116 Analysis IV

PMS 4117 Project

AMS 4111 Classical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics

AMS 4112 Electromagnetic Theory and Relativity

STSP 4101 Advanced Inference

CSS 4158 Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography

CSS 4157 Formal Methods

PHS 4110 Computational Physics

AMS 4113 Project

AMS 4114 Discrete Optimization with Computer Applications

AMS 4115 Quantitative Methods (Mathematical Applications in Economics and Business)

AMS 4116 Non-linear programming

AMS 4117 Partial Differential Equations and their applications in Financial Derivatives

AMS 4118 Actuarial mathematics

AMS 4119 Theory of Interest and Corporate Finance

AMS 4120 Operational Research

§ Nine courses must be taken from the above list

§ PMS 4111, 4112, 4113, 4114 and 4117 are compulsory

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

The examination in the fourth year of the special degree in Mathematics will consist of 8 papers of three hours duration and the Project (PMS 4117) or of 7 papers of three hours duration and the two Projects.

Note: These units are valid from February 2002.

2. SPECIAL DEGREE IN COMPUTATIONAL AND BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

The courses for both the Computational and Business Mathematics special and the Mathematics special will be the same, as mentioned above (See 3rd Year Special Degree).

Fourth Year Courses :

CBMS 4101 Project

CBMS 4102 Discrete Optimisation with Computer Applications

CBMS 4103 Quantitative Methods (Mathematical Applications in Economics and Business)

CBMS 4104 Non-linear Programming

CBMS 4105 Partial Differential Equations and their applications in Financial Derivatives

CBMS 4106 Actuarial Mathematics

CBMS 4107 Theory of Interest and Corporate Finance

CBMS 4108 Operational Research

*CBMS 4109 Regression Analysis, Time Series Analysis and Forecasting

PHS 4117 Industrial Management

PMS 4113 Measure theory

STSP 4101 Advanced Inference

§ The nine courses must be chosen from the above list

§ CBMS 4101 is compulsory, and at least three out of CBMS 4102, 4103, 4104, 4105 and STSP 4101 must be offered.

* CBMS 4109 will be offered only for the 98/99 intake.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

The examination in the fourth year of the special degree in Mathematics will consist of 8 papers of three hours duration and the project.

Classical Mechanics And Quantum Mechanics

Electromagnetic Theory And Relativity

CSS4151 Theory of Computability and Complexity

Turing machines and RAMs; finite state machines; Construction of the universal Turing machine, Church-Turing thesis; Lambda Calculus; Equivalent forms, Undecidability. Non-deterministic Turing machines; Properties, The class NP, Complete problems for NP, Algebraic complexity, Communication complexity, Time/Space trade-offs, Exponential and Polynomial time problems, Cook's theorem, Reducabilities among problems.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS 4152 Distributed Systems

Issues and techniques: communications, distributed data, decentralised synchronisation mechanisms, performance and modelling of distributed systems, naming context, location context, communication context: RPC rendezvous, object based paradigms, concurrency context,: explicit, implicit, sequential, quasi-sequential; shared memory approaches, message passing models, distributed algorithms, Distributed mutual exclusion, Byzentine generals problem, transaction context: serializability, commit protocols, -replication context: consistency problems, models of replicated data; security context: authentication, programming language and systems support for distributed systems

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4153 Intelligent Systems

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Historical aspects including the Turing test and Philosophical arguments; State Space Search: Depth-First, Breadth-First, Best-First and Heuristic search, Generate and Test, Constraint Satisfaction, Means-Ends analysis, A* and AO* algorithms; Game playing: Mini-Max and Alpha-Beta algorithms; Knowledge Representation: First-order Predicate Logic, Horn Clauses, Resolution, Unification algorithm, Logic Programming, Semantic Nets, Frames, Conceptual Dependency, Scripts, MOPS and CYC; Natural Language Processing: Context-free and Augmented grammars, Parsing techniques, Augmented Transition Networks, Definite Clause Grammars, Semantics and higher level processing; Expert Systems: Knowledge acquisition, Expert System shells, uncertainty, case studies; Planning: Blocks world, Situation Calculus, STRIPS, non-linear planning.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4154 Advanced Database Systems

Object Oriented data model and ODMG standard; EER model and relationship to the OO model (mappings etc.); Other data models - NIAM, GOOD, ORM; Data transactions and Security; Concurrency control; Deductive databases; Parallel databases; Query Optimisation; Database connectivity: Interoperability, ODBC, JDBC etc.; Data warehousing and data mining; Data and database migration; Distributed databases: reliability and commit protocols, fragmentation and distribution, view integration, distributed database design, distributed algorithm for data management, heterogeneous and federated database systems; Commercial and research prototypes

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4155 Computer Networks

Fundamental theorems in communications, simple queues, local and long haul networks, technologies and topologies. data link, network and transport protocols, including Gigabit Ethernet. Point to point and broadcast networks. routing and congestion control. Internet and the IP protocols, presentation (e.g. data compression) and application protocols, Network APIs. Advanced network technologies: PSTN, xDSL ,ISDN,FR ; switching techniques, high-speed multi-service networks; transport protocol performance, cell switching (e.g. ATM and SONET), rate allocation and monitoring (leaky bucket, fair queuing), high speed switching fabrics (cross bars, banyans), Network solutions to complex scenarios.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS 4156 Parallel Computing

Fundamental theoretical issues in designing parallel algorithms and architectures, Shared memory models, parallel algorithms for linear algebra, sorting, fourier transform, Recurrence evaluation and graph problems, algorithm design techniques for hyper-cubes, shuffel exchanges, trees, meshes and butterfly networks, parallel programming languages, libraries and environments. Data partitioning techniques, techniques for synchronisation and load balancing,

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4157 Formal Methods

Logic fundamentals: propositional, predicate and temporal; Operational semantics: formalisation of machine status, programming language constructs as operators, program semantics as a function; the Vienna Definition Language. Predicates, pre and post conditions, Hoare calculus, axiomatic semantics of programs, program development using Hoare/Dijkstra method, Denotational semantics of different programming languages, Data abstractions, equational specification, algebras. Universal algebra, initial semantic, equational classes., Specification languages, constructive specifications

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4158 Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography

Quantifying information, entropy, Shannon’s first theorem, Huffman code, q-ary codes in a Galois field, linear codes, encoding and decoding, perfect codes, Hamming code, cyclic codes, computing the greatest common divisor, efficient exponentiation mod n, primality testing and extracting square roots modulo a prime, factoring, application of number theory to cryptography, design of protocols, DES, RSA.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4159 Computer Graphics and Vision

Logical output primitives: lines, polylines, polygons, circles; windows and view points: WCS, MCS, DCS; clipping; 2D transformations: translation, scaling, rotation and reflection; vector and raster devices, frame buffers; greyscale and colour; attributes and segments; raster conversion: line and circle drawing, filling algorithms; 3D representations: surface and solid representations, polygon meshes, parametric curves and surfaces, Bezier curves and B-splines;3D transformations, 3D viewing; hidden line and hidden surface removal: object space and image space algorithms, scan line algorithm, Painter’s algorithm; Paradigms for computational vision, relation to human visual perception, mathematical techniques for representing and reasoning with curves, surfaces and volumes, illuminations and reflectance models, image formation, edge detection and image segmentation, shading, texture, stereo, motion, shape representation; Animation and virtual reality.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4160 Logic Programming and Prolog

Basic constructions, recursive programming, theory of logic program; The Prolog language, structure inspections, meta-logical predicates, cuts and negations, advanced techniques, nondeterminstic programming, parsing, searching, applications.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4161 New Paradigms in Computing

Neural Computing: History and evolution, topologies, TAN, MCP and the Perceptron, Hopfield Nets, Backpropagation, Counter Propagation; Genetic Algorithms: Introduction to evolutionary computing, mathematical foundations, computer implementation, applications, advanced operators and techniques in genetic search, machine learning. Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy sets and systems, geometry, Entropy theorem, subsethood, Associative Memories, FAMs as mappings, FAM architecture, Adaptive FAMs; Other paradigms: Case-Based Reasoning, Agents and Distributed AI.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS4162 Scientific Computing

Issues of numerical computation for the mathematical, computational, physical sciences and Engineering, problems of accurately computing solutions in the presence of rounding errors, computing discrete approximations of solutions which are defined on the continuum, error analysis, solution of linear simultaneous and non linear equations: Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition; interpolations and numerical differentiation: Newton-Coates, Romberg,Richardson, approximation of integrals, solution of differential equations: Euler, Runge-Kutta methods, computation of eigenvalues: Jacobi’s method, Householders method, FORTRAN programming: language specific capabilities, use of Matlab for scientific visualisation

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

CSS 4163 Industrial Training and Professional Issues in IT

Industrial Training
The Industrial Training will consist of a 12-week placement during the first term of the 4th year (and the vacation period preceding it). It will be monitored periodically. It will be evaluated through two (monthly) progress reports, a final report of not less than 2,000 words and an oral. This will account for 50% of the total mark for this unit.

Professional Issues in IT
Role of professional institutions: CSSL, IESL, BCS, etc.; Professional codes of ethics and codes of conduct: accountability of quality, timeliness and use of resources, confidentiality of client information, public interest and privacy, avoiding computer misuse; Legal issues: requirements and standards, intellectual property rights, patents and copyrights, software licensing, contract issues and law; Health and safety issues; IT in Sri Lanka: issues and strategies: standardisation, legislation, education, investment policies, government legislation in IT .

The Professional Issues in IT contributes the balance 50% of the total mark of this unit. This course consists of 20 hours of lectures/seminars. The evaluation is based on one class assignment (20%) and one project (not less than 2000 words) and an oral (30%).

This unit is compulsory for all 4th year students.

List of preferences
Progress Report, Placement Diary
Final Report

CSS4164 Individual Project

The Individual Project will commence at the begining of the 4th year, and will be counted as two (02) units. It will be evaluated through the following components.

(a) Project Management (10%)
(b) Project Presentation/Demo (30%)
(c) Project Report (60%)

Project Proposal Format
Progress Report Format
SLAAS Awards
Submission of abstract/paper
This unit is compulsory for all 4th year students.

CSS 4165 Computational Pattern Recognition

Introduction to pattern recognition, Introduction to feature extraction, Bayes decision theory, Linear discriminant, Maximum likelihood, Nearest
neighbour classification, Non-parametric learning and classification, Unsupervised learning and data clustering, PCA, K-means algorithm, E-M
algorithm, Tree structured classification, Boosting techniques and combining classifiers.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

Note:
* If the course is offered by the Computer science special student, the same course may also be taken by the Statistics special students.
* For Computer Science Special students, CSS 4161 is recommended as a parallel subject.
* For Statistics Special students, STS 4104 is recommended as a parallel subject.

CSS 4166 Advanced Concepts in Software Design and Development

Review of Java language and UML fundamentals; Advanced data structures in Java: vectors, hash tables, lists; Concepts in objects and patterns:
Event notification; Frameworks, toolkits and polymorphism; Delegation based patterns; Reflection, serialization, database access; Presentation
and control mechanisms; Remote and active objects; Enterprise Java Beans: Application server concepts and architecture; Session and Entity
Beans, Servlets, JSP and EJB; J2ME fundamentals.

Examination : 4 Compulsory Questions

Evaluation : 70% Examination and 30% Assignments

PHS 4101 - Quantum Mechanics

The exact proof of the Heisenburg's Uncertainty principle. Three Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator, motion in a centrally symmetric filed. The Hydrogen atom, scattering state problem, partial wave analysis, Matrix Method: Hilbert space, Dirac notation, Matrix representation of linear operators, Unitary and similarity transformations, Continuous Matrices, Co-ordinate momentum and energy representation. Schroedinger, Heisenburg and Interaction pictures, Angular momentum, spin and Identity of particles, spin operators eigen function of the components of the spin of a particle, Total angular momentum, Pauli equation and Introduction to Dirac equation, Approximate Methods: Time Independent perturbation, Time dependent perturbation, golden rules, The Helium atom, variational principle consistent

PHS 4102 - Nuclear and Particle Physics

Nuclear forces; The deuteron; Charge independence of nuclear forces; Isotopic spin; Spin dependent and Tensor forces; Nucleon-nucleon forces; Exchange forces; Nuclear reactions; General features of cross-sections; Inverse reaction; Detailed balance; Reaction mechanisms; Q valve; Threshold energy; The scattering theory, The compound nucleus; Direct reactions; Heavy-Ion nuclear reactions; Nuclear models; The shell model; Energy shells and angular momentum; The magnetic dipole moment of the nucleus; Calculation of the magnetic dipole moment. The electric quadruple moment of the nucleus; Excited states of nuclei; Some general features of excited states; The decay of excited states; Collective nuclear model; Rotational levels; Leptons and the electromagnetic and weak interactions; The quarks Mass; Lifetime and other particle properties; The instability of the heavy leptons; Muon decay; Parity violation; Nucleon and the strong interactions; Properties of the proton and the neutron; The quark model of nucleons; pions and other bosons and their decay modes; Feynmann diagrams Spin; and intrinsic parity; Classification of Hadrons and Quarks; Particle accelerators; The Cylotron, Betatron and the Synchrotron; Colliding beams.

PHS 4103 - Solid State Physics

Crystal structure; Translational symmetry; Unit cells, Bravais lattices and Primitive vectors; Reciprocal vectors; Miller indices; Crystal Diffraction; Bragg and Von Laue law; Experimental diffraction methods; Geometrical structure factor; Atomic structure factor; Inter-atomic forces in solids; Bond types; Lattice energy of ionic crystals; Thermal properties of solids; Various theories of lattice specific heat; Breakdown of the classical theory; Einstein's theory; Debye approximation; Lattice vibrations; Monatomic linear chain; Diatomic linear chain; Defects in crystals; Super lattices; Long-distance order theory; Short-distance order theory; Alloys; Free electron theory of metals; Specific heat of electrons; Thermionic emission; Schottky effect; Band theory of solids; Kronig-Penney model; Ziman model; Metals and Insulators; Semiconductors; Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism; Ferromagnetism; Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism; Magnetic order; Magnetic resonance; Superconductivity; Meissner effects; Energy gap; BCS theory of superconductivity.

PHS 4104 - Atmospheric Physics

Nature of the atmosphere & cloud physics: general features of the atmosphere, Greenhouse Effect and global warming; Introduction to meteorology: layering of the atmosphere, atmospheric motions and wind systems, tropical motion systems, monsoons and cyclones; ozone depletion; Elnino effect; Thermodynamics of the atmosphere: scale analysis, fundamental forces, virtual temperature, Poison's equation, adiabatic process, acceleration of vertically developed clouds, humidity equations, stability of the atmosphere, Tephigram, numerical prediction; Clouds: physical classification of clouds, cloud condensation, processes of cloud droplet growth (Bergeron-Findeisen and coalescence processes), artificial simulation of precipitation; Cloud micro-physics; Atmospheric electricity: fair-weather electricity, ions and nuclei, atmospheric vertical electric filed, space charge, conductivity of the atmosphere, currents and global electrical circuits; Thunderstorm electricity: electrification of thunder clouds, discharge processes, lightning, thunder, electric and magnetic field measurements, hazards affecting telecommunication and power distribution networks, remote sensing, high voltage technology and lightning protection.

PHS 4107 - Research Project

An open ended project will be assigned at the beginning of the fourth year. A dissertation has to be submitted on the work done on the project at the end of the year and an account of the work must be presented at a seminar. The work will be assessed on the dissertation and the seminar.

PHS 4111 - Mathematical Physics (45 hours)

Laplace transforms; basic properties, inversion problem, convolution theorem, applications. Complex numbers; Function of a complex variable, analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann condition, geometrical representation, transformation, Cauchy-Riemann condition, Cauchy theorem, Cauchy integral formula, zeros and singularities, theory of residues and its applications, branch points and branch cuts, Cauchy principle value integral. Fourier Analysis; Fourier series, Dirichlet conditions, convergence theorem, convergence in the mean. Parseval's theorem, spectrum analysis, parity properties, Fourier cosine and sine series, applications, differentiation and integration, Fourier integrals, Fourier integral theorem, Fourier cosine and sine transforms, derivation of Dirac delta functions, basic theorems, Fourier analysis of transient waveforms, applications, convolution theorem, physical interpretation, auto-correlation, Wiener-Khinchine theorem, cross-correlation, linear response functions, transfer functions, Fraunhoffer diffraction, diffraction at a slit, diffraction from inclined waves, diffraction from a grating, diffraction from two diffracting screens. Green's Functions and Response functions; Green's functions, response in Fourier transform space, dissipative response junctions. Solutions of linear differential equations, eigen function expansion of Green's functions, Green's functions in spherical polar co-ordinates and cylindrical polar co-ordinates. Tensors and 4 Vectors; Co-ordinate transformation; covariant, contravariant and mixed tensors, symmetric and skew symmetric tensors, operations with tensors, quotient rule, pseudo tensors, metric tensors, associated tensors, Levi-Civita tensors, Christoffel symbols, covariant derivatives, tensor differentiation operations, 4-vector, Lorentz transformation of 4 velocity, 4 momentum, 4 force and current density, Lorentz transformation in matrix form, Maxwell's equations in tensor notation.

PHS 4112 - Computational Physics (45 hours)

Experimental errors; random & systematic errors, combining errors, linear situations, non-linear situations, Distributions; Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian, correlated variables, error matrix manipulations, Parameter fitting & hypothesis testing; Maximum likelihood method, Least square fitting, Kinematic fitting, Interpolation and extrapolation; Polynomial interpolation and extrapolation, Basic mathematical operations; numerical differentiation, numerical quadrature, finding roots, Ordinary differential equations; simple methods, multistep and implicit methods, Runge-kutta methods, stability, order and chaos in 2D motion, Cubic Spline Interpolation, interpolation in two or more dimensions, Sorting; Straight insertion, Quicksort, Heapsort, Minimisation; Golden section search, search with first derivatives, Downhill simplex method, Powell’s method, Modelling data; fitting data to a straight-line, straight-line data with errors in both co-ordinates, non-linear models, Monte-Carlo calculations; simple Monte-Carlo applications, using random numbers, generating random variables with a specified distribution, the Ising model in 2D, non-uniform distributions and correlated variables, designing experiments, non-physics applications

Evaluation: 40% for assignments and 60% for laboratory examination

PHS 4113 - Physics of Semiconductor Devices (45 hours)

Basic Semiconductor Physics: Quantum mechanical concepts and atomic states, Solid state Structure, Electrons and holes, Semiconductor statistics, Intrinsic, extrinsic and compensated semiconductors, Carrier mobilities, Hall effect and magnetoresistance, Semiconductor equations based on drift and diffusion, Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n Junctions: p-n junction under zero bias condition, I-V characteristics of a p-n junction, Generation and recombination currents, Depletion capacitance, Diffusion capacitance and equivalent circuit for a p-n junction, Tunneling and Tunnel diodes, Junction breakdown. Schottky barriers: I-V characteristics, Thermionic emission model. Ohmic contacts, Heterojunctions. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs): Principle of operation, Carrier profiles in BJT, Frequency characteristics, Switching characteristics, Heterojunction bipolar transistors. Field Effect Transistors: Surface charge in metal oxide semiconductor capacitor, Capacitance - Voltage characteristics of a Metal - Insulator - Semiconductor FET, Principle of operation of MOSFET, Properties of MOSFETs, Enhancement and depletion mode MOSFETs, Heterostructures, and Amorphous silicon transistors. Photonic Devices: Photo diodes, Photo transistors, Other photo detectors, Light emission in semiconductors, LEDs, Semiconductor lasers, CCDs, Integrated optoelectronic devices. p-n-p-n- switching devices, Microwave devices. Integrated Circuit Techniques: Fabrication of Monolithic circuits, Monolithic circuit device elements, Charge transfer devices, and VLSI devices.

PHS 4114 - Electronic Communication Techniques (45 hours)

Basics of electronic communication techniques; Radio frequency amplifiers; small signal RF amplifier analysis and design, coupling tuned circuits, Oscillators; oscillator circuit analysis, Hartley, Colpitts, Clapp, tuned/untuned oscillators, stability and spectral purity, crystal oscillators, Signal Modulation; voice transmission and multiplexing, amplitude modulation (AM) and demodulation, AM receiver systems, gain and stability, noise considerations, Transmitter circuits; power amplifiers, impedance-matching networks, Receiver circuits; mixers, tuning, filter requirements, distortion and feed back, Frequency and phase modulation; FM transmitter and receiver circuits, Pulse and digital modulation; pulse code modulation (PCM), Data communication concepts; coding, signalling (Baud) rate, bandwidth considerations, power in digital signals, PCM system analysis, PCM telephone circuitry, error detection, data errors and error control, serial transmission and interfacing, carrier systems and modems, synchronous communication techniques, Open system inter-connect and ISDN, Computer applications in digital communication systems, Antennas and radio wave propagation; antenna radiation, power and electric field strength, dipole antenna, folded dipole, Yagi-Uda, loop antenna, dish antennas, Basics of TV reception and transmission; digital radio and space communication, fibre-optics communication systems.

PHS 4115 - Engineering Mathematics (45 hours)

Mathematical applications in engineering; Applications of the Laplace Transforms to the solution of ordinary differential equations and systems, transfer functions, convolution theorem, concepts of stability and controllability; transient and steady-state response of first and second order systems to impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal function inputs; analysis from transfer function and state variable formulations of system equations, evaluation of response from poles and zeros; response as a convolution integral, superposition and relation to impulse response; conformal transformations; Fourier transform and relation to Laplace transform; Fourier series and Fourier integral, power spectrum and spectral analysis of simple waveforms; solution to Laplace's equation for determining potential distribution in two dimensions for simple geometrical shapes of conducting boundaries. Numerical Methods; Gauss-Seidel/Jacobi iteration and matrix factorization method for linear equations, solution of sets of non-linear equations, numerical optimization problems; direct search and simple gradient methods; matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector determination, including direct and inverse iteration and shift of origin; vibration problems, special methods for dealing with band-type and sparse matrices occurring in many engineering systems; sSimple finite difference techniques for initial-value and boundary-value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations and systems; phase plane and isoclinal curves; Taylor series, Runge-Kutta processes; explicit and implicit procedures, simple ideas on errors and stability; introduction to method of characteristics. Statistics and Queuing Theory, Samples and significance; c 2 and t tests; regression, subjective probability, Bayes' Theorem, applications to decision making. The role of Queuing Theory in scheduling and in networks of various kinds, Little's theorem and its applications, residual lifetime and the FIFO queue, scheduling strategies, systems with priorities, open and closed queuing networks. Markov chains and processes and relevant applications.

PHS 4116 - Mathematical Software in Engineering (45 hours)

This course is an application-oriented course to teach students how to solve engineering problems using modern software packages. It covers Numerical linear algebra, Differential equations, Integration, Matrix manipulation, Math functions, Coordinate systems, Polynomial and Interpolating functions, Data fitting, Interpolation, Extrapolation, Integral transformations and Inverse integral transformations, Non-linear numerical methods.

Evaluation: 40% for assignments and 60% for laboratory examination

PHS 4117 - Industrial Management (45 hours)

Financial Accountancy; the double entry system, ledgers and journals, trial balance, trading and profit & loss account, balance sheet, manufacturing accounts, finance and accounts from managerial point of view, interpretation of accounts, Management Accountancy; allocation of overheads, depreciation and methods of calculation, job costing, process costing, standard costing, marginal costing, break-even analysis, cost control and analysis, stock control, Management Information Systems; scope of MIS in an industrial organization, design of MIS, decision support systems, database and models, project scheduling using network methods, resource allocation, linear programming, manufacturing resources planning systems (MRP), Organizational management; overview of organizational theory, relevant industrial psychology, human relations and counseling, organizational growth and development, organizational structures and systems, understanding the environment and strategy, management and leadership roles, management of organizations and introducing changes, fundamentals of marketing, Industrial law; contract of employment and its relevance in present day context, comparison between law of contract and employment contract, companies Act in general, Partnership law, employment relationships, introducing sale of goods, bills of exchange and insurance law, Industrial disputes Act, Trade union Act, Termination of employment Act, Social welfare legislation; EPF Act, ETF Act, Payment of gratuity Act, etc.

PHS 4121 - Advanced Physics Laboratory II (180 hours)

This course consists of set-practicals covering the areas of electricity, magnetism, physical optics, atomic and nuclear physics, microprocessor interfacing and applications, analogue computers, and mini projects such as construction of electronic printed circuit boards, studio practice and infrared photography. It also includes a workshop practice module.

Evaluation will be through continuous assessment.

PHS 4122 - Engineering Physics Laboratory II (180 hours)

This course consists of set-practicals to cover instrumentation techniques, microprocessor interfacing and applications, and mini projects on design and construction of electronic circuits, use of design-software tools, computer hardware engineering. It also includes a mechanical workshop technology module.

(a) Core Course Units:

•+ STS 4101 - Statistical Inference
•+ STS 4102 - Categorical Data Analysis
•+ STS 4103 - Generalised Linear Models
•+ STS 4104 - Multivariate Analysis
•+ STS 4120 - Industrial Training and Assignment
•+ STS 4121 - Project (double unit)

(b) Optional Course Units ( 3 Units to be selected)

•o STS 4105 - Time Series Analysis
•o STS 4106 - Special Topics
•o*STS 4107 - Stochastic Processes & Applications
•o*STS 4108 - Probability Theory
•o**PMS 4103 - Analysis I
•** PMS 4104 - Analysis II
•Cryptography

•+ - Compulsory
•o - Statistical
•* - Mathematical (recommended for Theoretical Statistics students)
•** - More Mathematical (recommended for Theoretical Statistics students)

Note : Subjects - PMS 4103 and PMS 4104 are offered by the Department of Mathematics

Statistical Inference

Catergorical Data Analysis

Generalised Linear Models

Multivariate Analysis

Time Series Analysis

Special Topics

Stochastic Processes & Applications

Probability Theory

Project

Algebra 1

Algebra II

Analysis I

Analysis II

Analysis III

Fourth Year Special (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)

The following courses are offered by the department of Chemistry for the Fourth year (Special).

CHBS 4101 - Bio-organic Chemistry
CHBS 4102 - Industrial Microbiology
CHBS 4103 - Advanced Immunology
CHBS 4104 - Advanced topics in Gene Expression
CHBS 4105 - Applications in Biotechnology
CHBS 4106 - Optional Topics
CHBS 4107 - General Chemistry and Biochemistry
CHBS 4110 - Seminars & Essays
CHBS 4121 - Research Project

CHBS 4101 - Bio-organic Chemistry

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites : Primary and secondary metabolism. Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways; Biosynthesis of fatty acids and derivatives; Biosynthesis of polyketides; Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids; The shikimic acid pathway; Biosynthesis of phenols, lignanas, flavonoids; Biosynthesis of Alkaloids , Lipids : Structure and Biological Function of; Fatty acids; Triglycerols; Glycerophosphlipids; Sphingolipids , Steroids : Structure, nomenclature and biological functions of steroids; Types of steroids and their function; Sterochemistry and absolute configuration of steroids; Important reactions of steroids;Synthesis/partial synthesis of some steroids (Cholesterol, Vitamin D, testosterone, oestrone, progesterone,cortisone, aldosterone) , Terpenoids : Important reactions, syntheses and sterochemical aspects of terpenoids as encounted in; Acyclic monoterpenoids, Monocyclic, monoterpenoids, Bicyclic monoterpenoids, Acyclic sesquiterpenoids, Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, Diterpenoids, Sesterpenoids and Titerpenoids, Caretenoids and Apacarotenoids Carbohydrates : Occurrence; Nomenclature, Aldoses and Ketoses; Configurational relationships among monosaccharides, pyranose and furanose forms; mutarotion ; Conformational analysis, anomeric and reverse anomeric effects ;Reactions of the anomeric centre; Reactions of the non-anomeric carbon atoms; Reactions of the hydroxyl groups; Reducing and non-reducing sugars; The nature of di-, tri- and polysacaccharides; Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin; Glycoprotiens and Glycolipids , O-and N-Heterocycles : Chemistry of five and six membered Heterocycles; Chemistry of Indole, Quinolines, Isoquinolines, Flavanoids, Isoflavanoids, Anthocyanins; Chemistry of heterocycles containing two hetero atoms; (Pyrazines, Imidazoles and Pyrimidines) , Alkaloids : Introduction: definition, extraction and general properties of alkaloids; Classification of Alkaloids based on Structure; Important reactions, synthesis and stereochemical aspects of alkaloids in each of these classes

CHBS 4102 - Industrial Microbiology

The isolation, preservation and improvement of industrial micro-organisms. The use of recombinant systems for the improvement of industrial micro-organisms. The improvement of media for industrial fermentations; carbon and nitrogen sources, vitamins and minerals, buffers, oxygen requirements, antifoam. The fermentation process: the basic functions of a fermenter, body construction, areation, maintenance of aseptic conditions, valves; Instrumentation and control; Control systems; Methods of measurement for process variables, on-line analysis of other chemical factors, computer applications in fermentation technology; Aeration and agitation; The oxygen requirements of industrial fermentations, determination of KLa values, factors affecting KLa values in fermentation vessels; The recovery and purification of fermentation products.

CHBS 4103 - Advanced Immunology

The molecular structure of antigens and antibodies. The genetic organization of antibody and T cell receptor genes. The structure and function of complement and interleukins in the immune response. Lymphocyte interactions and antigen presentation emphasising the role of Major Histocompatibility Complex. Immunological tolerance, suppression and autoimmunity. Hypersensitivity reactions dependent on humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms. Immune response to tumours. The immune response in infectious diseases and pathalogy, immunodefficiency. Evasive strategies employed by viruses, bacteria and parasitic organisms. Current and novel routes vaccination: adjuvent whole organism vaccines, sub unit vaccines, anti-ideotype vaccinces. Monoclonal antobody technology: applications of monoclonal antibodies, the production of monoclonal antibodies, immunoassays. Development of diagnostic tools in medicine.

CHBS 4104 - Advanced topics in Gene Expression

Eukaryotic transcription and RNA processing: building the transcription complex, regulation of transcription, post transcriptional controls, apparatus for nuclear splicing, RNA as a catalyst, antisense RNA. Genes in development : gene control asnd molecular genetics of development in eukaryotes, Oncogenes & Cancer. Molecular Neurochemistry. Genomic rearrangements: programmed and unprogrammed rearrangements and amplifications, yeast mating types, generation of immune diversity. Cloning in plant and animal cells. Protien expression systems: bacteria, yeast, insect cells, mammalian cells. In vitro mutagenesis. Mechanism of hormone action - specific examples. Biochemistry and Disease. Gene therapy: screening for genetic diseases, development of transgenic models; Some applications of gene therapy: adenosine deaminase deficiency, cycstic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy.

CHBS 4105 - Applications in Biotechnology

Genetic engineering of plants: improvement of nutritional quality, development of insect, virus and herbicide resistance, stress and senescence tolerance to salinity. Dvelopment and use of tragenic animals: mouse models, cattle, sheep, pigs and fish. Plants and animals as bioreactors . Plant and animal genetic conservation and breeding. Bioremediation of waste water and solid waste, toxic waste, heavy metal contamination and crude oil spills . Industrial applications: brewing, baking, dairy products, meat products, detergents, improvement of paper, textiles and leather; Immobilization of enzymes. Protein engineering and design. Biodegradable products. Regulating the use of biotechnology: regulating recombinant DNA technology, regulating food and food ingredients, release of genetically engineered organisms, ethical aspects of human gene therapy.

CHBS 4106 - Optional Topics

CHBS 4107 - General Chemistry and Biochemistry

The question paper for CHBS 4107 will test the general understanding of Basic concepts in Chemistry and Biochemistry.

CHBS 4110 - Seminars & Essays

Seminars : Each student is required to present a seminar on a current topics given by the Department and also required to submit a seminar report. Students will be assessed on their presentation and their understanding on the subject matter. Essays : Essays will be based on general reading material given during the lecture course, current topics in chemical sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.

CHBS 4121 - Research Project

Fourth Year Special (Chemistry)

The following courses are offered by the department of Chemistry for the Fourth year (Special).

CHS 4114 - Optional Topics
CHS 4115 - General Chemistry
CHS 4116 - Bio Organic Chemistry
CHS 4117 - Biochemistry
CHS 4118 - Polymer and Industrial Chemistry
CHS 4119 - Advanced Topics in Chemistry
CHS 4120 - Physical Chemistry
CHS 4110 - Seminar and Essays
CHS 4121 - Research Project

CHS 4114 - Optional Topics

The following optional topics are offered for the students admitted in the academic year 1989/90.

(1) Titrimetry and Gravimetry (2) Advanced Organic Photochemistry (3) Organic Chemistry of Drug Action & Drug metabolism (4) Practical NMR Spectroscopy (5) Environmental Analytical Chemistry (6) Chemistry of Extraterrestrial Atmospheres (7) Sri Lanka Standards (8) Intellectual property (9) Management

CHS 4115 - General Chemistry

The question paper for CHS 4107 will test the general understanding of Basic Chemistry.

CHS 4116 - Bio Organic Chemistry

Carbohydrate Chemistry (10 L): Classification (mono, Di, Tri…; aldose, ketones, hexoses, penoses), construction of family tree off all D-sugers (Fisher projection formula), D/L convention, Furanose and pyranose forms (Haworth formula) and nomenclature, mutarotation, types of sugars. Conformation of hexoses, anomeric effect. Reaction of acyclic forms of sugars (oxidation, reduction, osazone formation, carbon chain extension and shortening, base catalyzed enolization). Reaction of hydroxyl groups ( formation and properties of ethers, esters and acetals), oxidative cleavage of diols. Reaction of anomaric centre: Fischer glycosidation and hydrolysis of glycosides, glycosyl halides and their use in the Konigs-Knorr synthesis of glycosides, Formation of thio glycosides and thio acetals. Reaction at non-anomeric carbon atoms: reaction leading to deoxy, amino, thio, halo, epoxy, branch chain, keto and unsaturated sugars. Reducing and non-reducing disaccharides, polysaccharide structures ( Starch, cellulose, pectin). Use of 1H NMR and 13C in structure determination of monosaccharides.

Alkaloids (6 L): Introduction: definition, extraction and general properties of Alkaloids. Biological activities of Alkaloids, Classification of Alkaloids based on chemical structure. Important reactions, synthesis, stereo chemical aspects and rearrangement reactions of Alkaloids (to be illustrated with suitable examples)

Terpenoids and Steroids (14 L): Terpenoids (7L): Classification, occurrence and isolation of terpenoids. Essential oils and their importance. Terpenoids with important biological activities. Important reactions, synthesis and stereo chemical aspects of: Monoterpenoids, sesquinterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids and carotenoids Steroids (7L): Structure and nomenclature of steroids,Main types of steroids and their biological function. Stereochemistry of steroids: important reactions and synthesis/partial synthesis of steroids

Biosynthesis (10 L): An interview of biosynthesis; primary and secondary metabolism . General biosynthetic reactions . Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways . Biosynthesis of fatty acids and derivatives, poly halides, terpenoids and steroids, shikimates, Alkaloids and compounds of mineral biogenesis

CHS 4117 - Biochemistry

Amino acids, peptides and enzymes (10 L): Amino acids and the primary structure of Proteins: Structure and classification of the 20 common amino acids, non standard amino acids, ionization of amino acids, application of Henderson – Hasselbalche equation, isoelectric point, titration curves of amino acids. The peptide bond, determining sequence of amino acids residues in a peptide (Edman’s degradation procedure), protein sequencing strategies. Classical synthesis of peptides: N-terminal and C-terminal protecting groups, side chain protecting groups, formation of peptide bond, synthesis of peptides on a solid support. The three dimensional structure of proteins: Confirmation of the peptide group, secondary structure of proteins, tertiary structure of proteins. forces that stabillize tertiary structure, quaternary structure. Thermodynamic stability of proteins, denaturation and renaturation. Enzymes: Enzymes as biological catalysts, reaction specificity and stereospecificity . Classes of enzymes and types of reactions they catalyse . Cofactors: Metal activated enzymes and metalloenzymes, Coenzymes, Properties and mechanistic role of the following coenzymes : NAD+ and NADP+ , FAD and FMN, Coenzyme A, Thiamine pyrophosphate, Biotin. Tetrahydrofolate, Cobalamin, Lipoamide, Lipid Vitamins, Ubiquinone, Cytochromes . Catalytic modes of enzymes: Catalytic power and specificity,Transition state theory,Weak binding of substrates to enzymes,Transition state stabilization, Proximity effect: the effective concentration of a group on an enzyme, Entropy : The theoretical basis of intramolecular catalysis . Chemical catalysis : 1) General acid-base catalysis 2) Electrostatic interaction 3) Metal ion catalysis 4) Electrophilic catalysis a) Shiff base formation with enzyme aldolase b) Shiff base formation with pyridoxal phosphate c) Thiamine pyrophosphate 5)Nucleophilic catalysis.

Bioenergetics (4 L): Laws of Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics: The actual free energy change in cells . The free energy change of hydrolysis of ATP , Free energy changes for the hydrolysis of other phosphorylated compounds and Thioesters , Cellular processes couples to ATP “hydrolysis” , Biological oxidation - reduction reactions: Biological work from flow of electrons, Half reactions and reduction potential of biological oxidation reduction reactions, Standard reduction potential and free energy.

Food Metabolism (7 L) : Glycolysis: The pathway for conversion of glucose to pyruvate, The fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions, Net gain of ATP during Glycolysis, Regulation of Glycolysis, Entry of fructose, galactose and Mannose into the glycolytic pathway , Additional pathways in Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycogen degradation, Glycogen synthesis, Regulation of glycogen Metabolism, Gluconeogenesis, Variations in Gluconeogenesis, The Pentose Phosphate pathway , The Citric Acid Cycle: Entry of Pyruvate into the mitochondrion, Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, Oxidation of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide via Citric Acid cycle, Production of ATP from reduced coenzymes, Regulation of the acid cycle, Entry and exit of metabolites, Glyoxalate cycle. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation: Electron transport : a) complexes I-IV b) cofactors in electron transport, Complex V: ATP synthase, Aerobic oxidation of cytosolic NADH . Fatty Acid Oxidation: Absorption and Metabolism of fatty acids, Activation of fatty acids, Transport of fatty acyl CoA into the mitochondrion, b-oxidation, ATP generated from fatty acid oxidation, b-oxidation of odd chain fatty acids, b-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, Regulation of fatty acid oxidation, Synthesis of ketone bodies, Oxidation of ketone bodies, Diabetes. Catabolism of Amino acids: Reactions of the Urea cycle, Ancilliary reactions of the Urea cycle, Catabolism of the carbon chains of amino acids, Clinical Aspects of Carbohydrate, Lipid and Nitrogen Metabolism.

Enzyme Kinetics (6L): Kinetics of unisubstrate enzyme systems. Kinetics of multisubstrate systems. Inhibition patterns in unisubstrate systems. Inhibition patterns in multisubstrate systems.

Nucleic Acid (5L): Classical structure elucidation methods used in the determination of nucleotides, Structure of nucleotides, Solution based oligonucleotide synthesis methods, Polymer supported oligonuleotide synthesis methods. Coupling reagents and protecting groups. Phosphotriester procedure and phosphoramidite procedure.

Bio-inorganic Chemistry (10L): What is Bio-inorganic chemistry ?,Classification of Biomolecules. Principles of coordination chemistry related to bioinorganic chemistry :kinetics and thermodynamic aspects. Metallobiomolecules (a) Metalloproteins , Dioxygen transport : Hemoglobin - Myoglobin, Hemerythrin, Hemocyanin, Model chemistry , Electron transfer: Crytochromes, Fe-S proteins, Model chemistry, Structural roles for metal ions-Iron storage and transport : Ferritin, Transferrins, Siderophores , (b) Metalloenzymes Hydrolases : Carboxypeptidase A, Alkaline phosphatases, Lyase : Carbonic anhydrase , Oxido-reductase : Alcohol dehydrogenase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalases, Peroxidases , (c) Other metal binding biomolecules , Vitamin B12, Chlorophyll.

CHS 4118 - Polymer and Industrial Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry (10 L): Type of polymers, historical development, classification, definitions, nomenclature, Elastomers, Thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, fibers. Preparation: step-growth, free radical addition, ionic and copolymerization. Stereochemistry, Architecture, Orientation, Configuration, Geometric isomerism, Stereoregulation. Polymer solutions: thermodynamics, molecular mass, chain dimensions. Thermal and mechanical properties: Tg and Tm crystallinity, Viscoelasticity, Mechanical properties of solid polymers, Effect of structure of Tg and Tm and mechanical properties, other properties: solubility, chemical reactivity, heat resistance, aging, degradation, Processing: additives, molding, spinning, cold forming, casting, product design. Conducting polymers and their applications.

Silicates (10 L): Silicates: Silicon-oxygen bond, silica (quartz, cristabalite and tridymite), orthosilicates, pyrosilicates, two dimentional structure: clay minerals, three dimentional structure; feldsfar, zeolite etc., alumino silicates.

Industrial applications of minerals (10 L): Lime stone: Lime stone deposits in Sri Lanka, Cement industry; setting and hardening of Portland cement. Clay: Clay minerals in Sri Lanka, Ceramic Industry. Iron ores: Limonite, magnetite etc. in Sri Lanka, Ellingham diagram for oxide formation and ancient method of extraction of iron in Sri Lanka. Apatite: Eppawala apatite colloidal phosphate fertilizer industry. Calcopyrite: Seruwila calcopyrite deposits. Free energy diagram for sulphide free extraction of copper from low grade ores, hydrometallurgy. Beach sand: Composition of beach sand, ore-dressing processes in Sri Lanka. Free energy diagram for chloride formation and possible extraction of Titanium. Mineral from Indian Ocean: Manganese nodules, Magnesium chloride etc. and potential industries.

Quality assurance (10 L): Quality policy, quality management, Total quality management, responsibilities and authorities document control, traceability, validation of test methods, reference materials, storage of disposal of samples, equipment commissioning, maintenance and calibration, quality control.

CHS 4119 - Advanced Topics in Chemistry

X-ray Crystallography (14 L): Introduction to X-ray diffraction: generation of a diffraction pattern, atomic scattering factor, the structure factor, the reciprocal lattice, X-ray diffraction from one, two and three dimensional arrays, construction of Edwald sphere, symmetry and space group, the phase problem, geometrics of data collection, thermal effects, Structure determination of macromolecules: Method of Isomorphous Replacement (MIR), Molecular Replacement (MR), Multiple Anomalous Dispersion (MAD). Refinement of crystal structures, Comparison with neutron and electron diffraction.

Clusters and cage molecules (8 L): Cluster Chemistry : Introduction and definition, clusters in elemental state: electron deficient clusters, structure of cluster compounds: classification, nomenclature caboranes; bonding in clusters: molecular orbital theory, frontier molecular orbitals, electron deficient clusters; Lipscomb's Styx rules, Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory, metal-metal bonds and metal clusters, structure and bonding, isolable principle, synthetic routes to clusters, reactivity of clusters

Solid state and surface analytical techniques (14 L): Solid State: Crystal lattices, crystal defects, colour centers, Free electron model, electrical properties. Band theory of solids, electron energy in a periodic potential, energy bands, band gap, Fermi level, Bragg planes, Brillonium zones. Classification of solids according to band theory: conductors, insulators, semiconductors and their applications (purification, semi conductor junctions, transistors, etching techniques, semiconductors as photocatalysts etc.), superconductivity. Specific heat of solids, Einstein model and Debye mode. Liquid crystals : ordered and disordered phases. Surface Analytical techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Low energy electron diffraction, ion scattering spectroscopy, electron microscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microcopy, field emission microscopy, field ionization microscopy.

CHS 4120 - Physical Chemistry

Advanced chemical kinetics (15 L): Steady state Hypothesis (Recap), Association reactions, Energy transfer mechanism, Radical Complex mechanism, Atom-molecule recombination, Radical-radical reactions, time-resolved atomic absorption spectroscopy, Chain reactions; Straight chain reactions, Linearly terminated chains, Quadratically terminated chains, Hydrogen-bromine reaction, The pyrolysis of ethane, Chain lengths, Inhibitors, Branched chain reactions, Thermal explosions, isothermal explosions, Quasi-stationary state, Hydrogen-oxygen reaction. Simple collision theory: Maxwellian distribution of velocities, Molecular collisions, Simple hard sphere collision theory of bimolecular reactions, Relationship between the Arrhenius activation energy and the critical energy, Sterric factor, Collision frequency and collision number. Transition state theory: Derivation of rate constant using partition functions, The dynamics of molecular collisions, Monte Carlo trajectory calculations, Potential energy surfaces, Contour diagrams, Attractive and repulsive surfaces, Molecular beam studies, IR chemiluminescence, Comparison of collision theory and Transition state theory, Thermodynamic treatment of reaction rates. Unimolecular reactions: Lindemann’s theory, Predictions and failures, Hinshelwood treatment, Derivation of rate constant, Defects of Hinshelwood theory, RRK and Slater theories, RRKM theory-basics only. Reactions in solutions: Diffusion and activation controlled reactions, Solvent effects, Enthalpy and entropy of solvation, Primary kinetic salt effect, Secondary kinetic salt effect, Effect of hydrostatic pressure. Experimental methods; Stopped flow and continuous flow techniques. Chemical relaxations; Temperature jump and pressure jump method, Relaxation time (t) Relationship between t and the rate constant, Equilibrium methods; Kinetics using NMR and ESR.

Advanced Thermodynamics (7 L): Recap of basic thermodynamics; The Thermodynamisists toolkit. Thermodynamic description of mixtures, Partial molar quantities; Partial molar volume, Partial molar free energy (Chemical potential), Gibbs-Duhem equation, Variation of chemical potential with temperature and pressure, Determination of partial molar properties; Direct method, Apparent molar property method and method of intercepts. Fugacities and Activities, Determination of fugacity from equation of state, Determination of fugacity in gas mixtures, The Lewis-Randall rule. Third law of thermodynamics, Third law entropies, Unatainability of the absolute zero temperature, Methods to obtain low temperatures.

Atmospheric Chemistry (6 L): Atmospheric structure; Basic physical structure, The hydrostatic equation, Basic Chemical structure, Ozone, Cyclic processes, etc. Photolysis frequency, Radiative heating, Radiation trapping, The combined effects of chemistry and transport by atmospheric wind, Chemical time constants, Dynamical time constants, Chemically and dynamically controlled regimes, Stratospheric Ozone, The Chapmann reactions, Measurement of Ozone, Remote measurement methods, Absorption and emission spectroscopy, Ozone measurement using the Dobson spectrophotometer, Catalytic cycles, The oxides of nitrogen, The oxides of Hydrogen and Chlorine species, Alkali, alkaline and other elements, Observation of Ozone loss (Antarctic Ozone hole and mid latitude Ozone decline), Ozone loss mechanisms.

Dynamic Electrochemistry (12 L): “Electrodics : double layer, Helmoltz, Gouy-Chapman and Stern models, Butler-Volmer equation, electron transfer at interface, exchange current density, overppotential, concentration overpotential, Tafel plots, polarizability, Graham model of double layer. Probing the interface: surface excess, Gibbs-Lippmann equation, Lippmann equation, Electro-capillarity: zero charge potential, electrocapillary curves, differential capacitance. Corrosion: thermodynamic and kinetics of corrosion reactions, Application of Butler-Volmer equation for corrosion reaction, corrosion potential and current, Tafel plots for corrosion reactions in deoxygenated and oxygen rich solution. Passivation, Electrochemical measures against corrosion.

CHS 4110 - Seminar and Essays

Seminars : Each student is required to present a seminar on a current topics given by the Department and also required to submit a seminar report. Students will be assessed on their presentation and their understanding on the subject matter. Essays : Essays will be based on general reading material given during the lecture course, current topics in chemical sciences..

CHS 4121 - Research Project

Evaluation of a research project (include dissertation, oral test etc.) of one year duration.

Fourth Year Special (Pharmacy)

The following courses are offered by the department of Chemistry for the Fourth year (Special).

CHPS 4101 - Pharmaceutics
CHPS 4102 - Pharmacology
CHPS 4103 - Pharmacognosy
CHPS 4104 - Quality control, Statistics and Computer
CHPS 4105 - Pharmaceutical Legislation and Ethics
CHPS 4106 - Pharmaceutical Management and Administration
CHPS 4107 - Seminar and Essays
CHPS 4121 - Research Project
CHPS 4122 - Pharmaceutical Practice

CHPS 4101 - Pharmaceutics

Aim : The students should understand the principles of optimisation of drug formulations related to the physicochemical principles of their constituents and get an overview on modern drug delivery systems. Insight should be obtained in biopharmaceutical principles essential for drug formulation and optimisation. Sterile Delivery System : Parenterals, Ophthalmic solutions and others. Parenteral Preparations: General requirements-Types and their formulation with reference to powders for reconstitution solutions, suspensions, emulsions and depot preparations, preparation of sterile water for injection. Pharmacopoeial evaluation of sterile water for injection, vehicles-aqueous and non-aqueous, pyrogens / endotoxin sources. Containers and closures (glass, plastics and rubber) and their evaluation, form, fill, seal technology, evaluation of containers and closures including a mention of compatibility testing (to be covered more extensively under stability). Design of facilities and environmental control : Basic design concepts, cleanliness classes, air handling (HVAC systems), HEPA filters, Laminar flow and laminar flow rooms, change room design, materials of construction, sterilization, validation of environment and filters. Personnel factors : selection, training, monitoring and motivation concepts to be considered for education of workers-personal hygiene, gowning and entry procedures, restrictions in work area and importance of the same. Processing of parenteral products by terminal sterilization, filtration sterilization followed by aseptic filling, and by aseptic compounding. Validation of sterilization and process validation. Large volume intravenous solutions. Ophthalmic products: Anatomy and physiology of the eye, eye drops, eye ointments, eye lotions and contact lens solutions. General requirement/safety considerations, formulation, isotonicity adjustment, isotonicity calculation, manufacture, packaging and quality control.

Controlled drug delivery: Definitions, Historical development components of a therapeutic system, classification, details of matrix and diffusion control systems; Biopharmaceutical aspects-steady state concept and calculation of maintenance dose, loading dose; Diffusion and dissolution, steady state diffusion, lagtime, diffusion cells and study of permeability of polymer and biological membranes, dissolution- the diffusion layer model, drug release, drug in polymer matrices, effect of porosity and tortuosity, membrane control, reservoir type devices; Brief introduction to polymers, interfacial polymerization. Designing of Drug Delivery Systems: Prediction of drug release rate, dissolution mechanisms for mixtures including solid dispersions, matrix release devices, ointments, monolithic systems, osmotically controlled devices; biodegradable systems; iontophoretic systems; implantable pressure control devices. Aerosols : The theory underlining the design of aerosol products, drug delivery using aerosols, liquified and compressed aerosol propellants, two-phase aerosols, three-phase aerosols, aerosol formulation, aerosol stability, non-pressure pack aerosols, packaging, containers. Foams : Stability of foams, choice of surfactant, antifoaming agents. Chemical Kinetics, Drug Stability and Stability Prediction : Mechanisms of chemical instability of dosage forms: Hydrolysis, oxidation, isomerization photochemical decomposition, polymerization, pH , rate profiles, profiles of esters and amides, A review of mechanisms of physical instability in dosage forms, non-chemical loss, storage conditions. Interaction with containers and closures and their evaluation, compatibility testing. Chemical decomposition in the solid state, stability testing of drugs and tentative expiration date, GMP guidelines in stability testing and expiration dating. Biopharmaceutics: Bioavailability, bioequivalence and other miscellaneous parameters, methods of estimation of parameters for bioavailability and bioequivalence, physicochemical factors affecting the bioavailability of drugs, Dissolution rate and methods of enhancing dissolution rates, Official and unofficial methods of estimation of dissolution /in-vitro release of drugs from dosage forms; In-vitro in-vivo correlation and its significance. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and oral bioavailability, Formulation and dosage from related factors affecting oral bioavailability, Physicochemical and physiological factors affecting bioavailability of drugs from parenteral routes. Mechanisms of drug transport : Different mechanisms of drug transport, passive Transport and pH-partition theory, facilitated diffusion, active transport, blood and its drug binding constituents as carriers of drugs in the body, perfusion limitation and permeability limitation in drug transport. Biological Pharmaceuticals : Study of (a) Whole human blood, blood products and plasma substitutes, (b) Glandular products : Insulin, thyroid and other glandular products, with respect to the precautions before and during collection, transportation and storage, processing/extractions, purification, packaging, safety and efficacy evaluation and other standards. Practicals : Student should be familiar with technical aspects of following areas: Preparation of certain pharmaceutical dosages of forms, covering various manufacturing process. Eg. Manufacture of Tablets, Capsules, Eye drops; Testing of aerosols: Tests for output, drug concentration & dose delivered; Study of rheological properties of newtonian & non-newtonian systems at various environmental conditions; Preparation and evaluation of powders, dry syrups and pills; Packs and packaging technology.

CHPS 4102 - Pharmacology

Aim : The aims of the subject are (i) from the pre-requisite knowledge obtained in uni 7 of the 3rd year syllabus to understand disease states and the rational use of drugs in their treatment (ii) to be able to communicate information on rational drug use to medical and paramedical personnel and patients (iii) to understand the biological aspects of drug development (iv) to understand the term clinical trials, its design and to be able to critically evaluate a trial (v) to have a knowledge of the drug registration process. Prescribing and prescriptions, prescribing in renal and hepatic disease, prescribing for children and newborns, during pregnancy and breast feeding; risk benefit assessment, compliance, ethical issues, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, essential drugs, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug information, promotion of drugs, advise to patients, drug history, pharmacy prescribing, health education, communication. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the endocrine system: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal cortex, gonads, contraceptives, calcium metabolism. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the gastrointestinal system : digestive secretions, peptic ulcer disease, antiemetics, dyspepsia, management of diarrhea and constipation, oral rehydration salts, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, haemarrhoids, jaundice, drug induced jaundice, cirrhosis, liver failure. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the cardiovascular system : antihypertensives, adrenaline and sympathomimetics, adrenoceptor blockers, antianginals, antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, antilipidaemics, cardiac failure. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the respiratory system : antihistamines, management of asthma, cough, oxygen therapy. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the renal system : diuretics, urinary antiseptics, management of urinary tract infections. Pharmacology and therapeutic of the central and peripheral nervous system : general and local anesthetics, analgesics, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, mental disease, anxiety, schizophrenia, depression, drug abuse. Pharmacology and therapeutics of the anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs used in rheumatic diseases; Pharmacology and therapeutics of dermatological disorders; Pharmacology and therapeutics of iron deficiency anaemia and megaloblastic anaemia; vitamins and minerals, misuse of vitamins; Pharmacology and therapeutics of intravenous fluids; Pharmacology and therapeutics of the vaccines and sera; Pharmacology and therapeutics of the anticancer drugs; Pharmacology and therapeutics of poisoning; antidotes; Pharmacology and therapeutics of eye and ear, nose and throat diseases; Biological aspects of drug development, toxicity testing, chemical trials and drug registration.

Tutorials and practical demonstration will be held on selected topics. Where pharmacology and therapeutics is mentioned the emphasis will be on pharmacology.

CHPS 4103 - Pharmacognosy

Aim : The students should acquire knowledge about natural medicinal products with emphasis on their chemical properties, biological activities and the utilisation in pharmacy and medicine.

General Aspects : Introduction : Meaning , origin and scope of pharmacognosy, Historical background; Different systems of medicines practice in Sri Lanka. (Allopathy, Ayurveda, Unani & Siddha, Homeopathy etc) Place of herbals in Medicine & Cosmetics; Biological and Geographical sources of drugs of natural origin (DONO) Vegetable, animal, mineral, terrestrial and marine; Classification of DONO - Alphabetical, Morphological, Taxonomical, Therapeutical & Chemical; Taxonomic basis of modern pharmacognosy; Commerce in drugs of natural origin – Requirements of identity, purity, potency, safety, efficacy and freedom from microbes, ontogeny i.e. stages of development and environment – other sources of variation in quality of DONO (species , varieties, time and season of collection and post – collection treatment etc.); Factors involved in the production of drugs. Cultivation of medicinal plants for commercial market and exports- soil and climate; Collection, harvesting, drying, preservation against enzymatic hydrolysis, microbes, insects, light, oxygen, sterilization (radiation and gaseous) and special treatment such as lyophilization storage.

Chemical and physical properties of natural products of pharmaceutical and therapeutical importance: Major classes of active constituents of DONO – Carbohydrates and related compounds, Lipids (oils, fats and waxes) resins and resin combinations, alkaloids, glycosides (including saponins, flavanoids, tannins, essential oils, enzymes, proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, coumarins, anthresins, terpenoids); Detailed study of each category beginning with classification and examples of drugs in each category – followed by detailed pharmacognostical study of selected drugs, belonging to different chemical categories and specified under each chemical class. The study would include name, biological name, and synonym, vernacular names, taxonomy, occurrence, parts employed, ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, cultivation, collection and preservation, macroscopic and microscopic characterization, chemical constituents, tests for identification, powder characteristics; Carbohydrates and related compounds, lipids, resins and resin combinations, alkaloids. Herbs and herbal foods : Introduction, status, safety and efficacy consideration, important herbs and herbal foods. Different processes of extraction of drugs : Infusion, decoction, maceration, percolation, soxlet extraction; Evaporation of extracts for density, viscosity, optical rotation, refractive index, solid content. Biotechnology of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals : Plant cell and tissue culture, animal cell culture, plant cell fermentation and production of secondary metabolites, application of fermentation in manufacture of antibiotics, vitamins, microbic enzymes. Fermentation technology in Ayurvedic system of medicine, fermentation principles and conditions of bio catalysts. Principles and techniques involving recombinant DNA technology, Biotechnology desired therapeutic products, Medicinal plant biotechnology. Immunology : Immunology and types, antigen, antibodies and their nature and origin, immunological responses, preparation of monoclonal antibodies, application and utility of monoclonal antibodies, lymphokines; Molecular and cellular events involved in the immune process, with specific emphasis on the modulation of these events by drug agents, immunomodulation; Mechanistic aspects of drug action with special reference to immune system; Emphasis on drawing detailed mechanisms of a variety of immunological reactions and how this approach helps in designing and understanding drugs; Complement activation, immunization and immunological adjuvents; Free radical reactions, production of highly reactive oxygen species by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), free radical tissue damage. Immuno Pharmacognosy : Immunotherapeutic agents of plant origin, immunological methods used in the detection and discovery of immunotherapeutic agents, immunochemical techniques. Marine drugs: Cardiovascular drugs, cytotoxic compounds, marine biotoxins, antimicrobial compounds, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic agents and other therapeutically valuable compounds; secondary metabolites of dinoflagellates. Marine pharmacology. Non-medical toxic plants and pesticides: Hallucinogenic, allergenic, teratogenic and other toxic plants, pesticides of natural origin; Synthesis of medicinally important natural products: Synthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids. Biosynthesis of plant constituents of pharmaceutical and medicinal interest : A study of the biosynthesis of plant and fungal secondary metabolites on the process leading to the major classes of these metabolites; Biosynthetic pathways as guides to the development of new routes and reactions in synthesis. Natural products and drug development : Role of medicinal plants in drug development, marine sources for active constituents natural products as experimental tools and leads in drug design and synthesis, structure-activity relationships and development of drugs from natural products, integrated approaches to development of new drugs from plants and indigeneous remedies, problems and prospects of discovery of new drugs from higher plants. Ethnopharmacology and the development of novel bioactive molecules. Antibiotics: History, production methods, isolation, physical and chemical properties, biosynthesis , assay methods, mechanism of action, resistance, use and misuse. Screening Techniques: Pharmacological and other biological approaches used in natural products screening and evaluation.

Pharmaceutical Botany: The macroscopical and microscopical identification of crude drugs: Basic botanical structure/ plant anatomy; Microscopy and micrometry, calcium oxalate crystals, starches, pollen grains, lycopodium spheres, epidermal trichomes. Quantitative microscopy (palisade ratio, stomatal number, stomatal index, Vein-islet number, Veinlet termination number). Plant Drug Analysis : Evaluation, Quality Control and Standardisation of drugs used in Ayurvedic system of medicine: Authentification of medicinal plants, chemical and systematic botanical examination of medicinal plants, organoleptic, microscopic (optical, fluorescence and polarizing) and macroscopic characteristics, chromatographic separation and identification of plant drugs, other evaluation parameters as described in pharmacopoeias such as ash values, moisture content, foreign matter, assays and other quantitative chemical test, RF-spectral data; Identification of powdered crude drugs, powder microscopy. Microscopical measurements; pharmacopoeial (British and European) specification. Quality control of medicinal plants. The global background of the use of medicinal plants: Economic issues, policy and regulatory issues, social issues, conservation issues, agricultural issues, forestry issues, veterinary issues, with special reference to medicinal plants used in India, Sri Lanka and China. Intellectual property rights.

Practicals
Pharmacognostical study (including histology) of some recommended plants (as entire drug or powder); Pharmacognostical study (excluding histology) of some recommended plants; Extraction of active constituents followed by separation by TLC and column chromatography and identification; Quality control and standardization of traditional drugs.

CHPS 4104 - Quality control, Statistics and Computer

Aim : The students should be familiar with aspects of quality control and quality assurance with the concept of statistical quality control and with the application of statistics and computer in the design of experiments and evaluation of biological and chemical data. Quality assurance of pharmaceuticals : General Aspects: Introduction to quality assurance, pharmacopeial monograph, literature collection, data handling and expression of analytical results; Documentation and record keeping; Official, international and national guidelines of testing parameters of pharmaceuticals; sources of quality variation; Development of quality specifications according to current needs. Statistical methods in pharmacy and quality assurance , Revision on presentation of sample data : Frequency tables, histograms and cumulative frequency distributions. Revision on measures of central tendency and dispersion : Mode, median, arithmetic and geometric mean, skew of a distribution, standard deviation, variance and degrees of freedom. Revision on probability distributions : General properties, the binomal, poisson and normal distribution, t-distribution, Gaussian distribution, normal approximation to the binomial distribution, distribution of proportions. Sampling : Random sampling, (the Central Limit Theorem) calculation of sample size to attain a required accuracy. Estimation : Point and interval estimates, confidence intervals for the mean for the difference of two means (independent populations). The pairing of samples, confidence intervals of paired data. Confidence intervals for the difference of two populations (independent populations) with application. Hypothesis testing : Testing using confidence intervals. The H0 and H1 hypothesis, type 1 and 2 errors, one sided and two sided testing, P values, operating, characteristic curves. Application to drug trials, etc. Regression theory : Regression analysis, curve fitting (linear), the mathematical model, residual variance, confidence intervals for slope, intercept and predicted Y value, correlation coefficient and application. Contingency tables : Test for independence testing several proportions, the chi-square distribution. Statistical design of experiments and statistical evaluation of data : Clinical trials: Planning (protocol design), statistical evaluation of data Microbial testing : statistical design of experiments, statistical evaluation of data. Validation of analytical procedures used in the examination of pharmaceutical substances : Standardisation of reagents, characteristics of analytical procedures, use of chemical reference substances. In-process control; Quality Control of finished pharmaceutical products. Computer Studies: General introduction : Purpose and basic components of a computer hardware, software and operating systems. Personal computers : IBM and standards in the computing industry. DOS, Windows and other operating systems. Disks : capacity and industry standards, formatting options, type of printers. Connecting, configuring and using a printer. Connecting, configuring and using a printer, Considerations involved in computer and printer purchase. File maintenance : Creating and maintaining directories, subdirectories and files. Backup strategies and virus prevention. Software handling : Use of Word processing packages to illustrate and format documents. Use of spread sheet applications to solve problems, process data and present results in tabular or graphical form. Drug information storage. Use of Structured Query Language (SQL) to create an handle database systems, use of statistical packages to analyse and present data; The Internet: Browsing, searching and information retrieval using the WWW and the Internet.

CHPS 4105 - Pharmaceutical Legislation and Ethics

Pharmaceutical Legislation : Students will be required to have knowledge of General principals of the law relating to the practice of pharmacy with special reference to the following. National Law : Medicinal Ordinance Registration of Pharmacists Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, Cosmetics, Devices and Drugs Act 1980, Regulations and their Amendments, Food Act, Excise Act, Fair Trading Commission and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals (consumer protection Act), International Law: Convention on narcotic drugs, Convention of psychotropic drugs, Other legislation affecting the practice of pharmacy, Miscellaneous Legislation : e.g. Health and Safety Legislation, Consumer Protection Laws Acts on Trade. An awareness of the regional legislation, their relationship to national legislation. Ethics : Students will be required to have knowledge of, Principals of ethics (basic knowledge only), Concept of a Profession and their Regulatory Councils, Professional responsibilities (towards patients, public pharmacy and other professions), standards of conduct and practice including the “code of ethic” of the profession. World Health Organization Criteria of Ethical Drug Promotion, Sri Lanka Medical Association (SLMA) Ethical criteria for the Promotion of Medicinal Drugs and Devices in Sri Lanka, International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA) Code, Code of Conduct for Medical Representatives put out by the Sri Lanka Chamber of Pharmaceutical Industry. SLMA Declaration on Health, Alma ATA Declaration (WHO), Health for All Vision of the WHO.

CHPS 4106 - Pharmaceutical Management and Administration

Students will be required to have knowledge of : The administration and organization of drug supply and pharmacy services in State sector and private pharmacies. Principles of storage: Refrigerated Cold chain monitors, Policy and legal framework; Drug management cycle viz., Selection, Procurement, Distribution, Use Management support systems viz., Organization and Management, Financing and sustainability, Information Management Human Resources Management; Basic principles of industrial and business management, Basic accounts, financial and cost accountancy as related to pharmaceutical trade, industry and trial pharmacies, import and export procedures, Basic aspects of marketing and advertising with special reference to the pharmaceutical trade, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Local Pharmaceutical Industry

CHPS 4107 - Seminar and Essays

Seminar : Each student is required to present a seminar on a current topic given by the Department and also required to submit a seminar report. Students will be assessed on their presentation and their understanding on the subject matter. Essays: Essays will be based on general reading material given during the lecture course and on current topics related to Pharmacy.

CHPS 4121 - Research Project

The students should carry out a research project under supervision and should result in a dissertation made on a given pharmaceutical topic.

CHPS 4122 - Pharmaceutical Practice

The students should undergo supervised period of practical training in following areas at recommended institutions.

Industrial pharmacy: State Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Corporation, State Pharmaceutical Corporation

Hospital pharmacy: National Hospital, Sri Lanka

Community pharmacy: Medical Suppliers Division, State Pharmaceutical Corporation

Pharmaceutical quality assurance: National Drug Quality Assurance Laboratory, Drug Quality Assurance and Research Laboratory, State Pharmaceutical Corporation.

On the fourth year the students are given the option of choosing a study stream
of his/her preference out of the following subject streams

Wild Life

Entomology

Parasitology

Fisheries Science

Environment Science

Ornithology

Along with the above stream of preference the following units will be compulsory units for the students

ZLS 4110- ESSAY (one unit)
To assess the candidate’s general knowledge and interest of currently important biologically related topics.

ZLS 4121- RESEARCH PROJECT (two units)
Each candidate will be required to carry out a supervised research project related to his/her selected field of a duration of 10 weeks. The chosen topic must provide scope fro the student to gain relevant practical experience and practice research skills. The candidate must submit the results as a dissertation and undergo an oral examination as well as present a seminar.

ZLS 4122- LITERATURE REVIEW(one unit)
Each candidate should submit a critical review of the literature on given topic related to the field of specialization of the student. The duration is one working term.

BTBS 4101 - BIOMETRICAL GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

Genetic constitution of a population – Frequencies of genes and genotypes, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Changes in gene frequency due to migration, Mutation, Selection, Small populations; Pedigreed populations – Inbreeding coefficients and co-ancestry; Continuous variation – Metric characters, Polygenic segregation; Components of means – Additive and dominance components, non-allelic interactions, Genotype x environmental interactions; Components of variance – Genetic and environmental components of variance in F2, Backcross and in generations derived from F2, Experimental populations; Genetic co-variance – Parent-offspring regression, Heritability estimation; Natural breeding systems of plants – Mechanisms influencing pollination; Breeding methods in self-pollinated crops – Mass and pure-line selection, Hybridization and selection in segregating populations, The pedigree system, Bulk population method, Back cross breeding, single seed descent; Breeding methods in cross-pollinated crops – Mass selection, Recurrent selection, Hybrid development, Heterosis and inbreeding depression, Male sterility and self-incompatibility in hybrid seed production, Synthetics; Germplasm conservation – Need for conservation of crop germplasm, Methods of storage, Utilization;

Molecular plant breeding: Introduction - Molecular markers; Molecular marker techniques in plant improvement - Marker assisted selection, Marker Maps; Marker assisted breeding – Improvement of product quality and plant performance; Plant transformation technology for crop improvement – Resistance in crops for herbicides, pests and diseases, Improved nutritional quality.

BTBS 4102 - CROP PROTECTION AND POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Crop Protection: Detection of Plant Pathogens & Diagnosis of Plant Diseases - Serological / Immunochemical methods, Nucleic acid methods; Transgenic Plants in Crop Protection – Herbicide tolerant plants, Disease resistant plants, Insect tolerant plants; Biological Control Methods – Weed control by pathogens, Control of plant pathogens: Parasitism, Antibiosis, Competition, Disease suppressive soils, Control of insects & other pests.

Post Harvest Technology: Overview of Post Harvest Handling – Extent of post harvest losses, Importance & advantages of appropriate technology; Biological Aspects – Characteristics of perishable crops, Morphological, anatomical & physiological basis of post harvest technology; Post Harvest Diseases – Types of diseases, Sources of infection, Factors effecting disease development; Harvesting of Produce – Concept of maturity, Maturity indices, Considerations during harvesting, Pre-harvest modifiers of quality ; Preparation / Treatment of Produce – Trimming, Cleaning & water elimination, Curing, Waxing & grading, Ripening, Degreening and Colour adding, Precooling; Packing House Preparation – Purpose & function of packing houses , Packinghouse features; Packaging & Transport of Produce – Functions of packaging, Damage caused during packaging , Types of packages, Manual packing, Improving package performance, Prepackaging, Bulk transport, Transport conditions; Storage – Refrigerated (low temperature) storage: Objectives, Structural requirements, Physiological disorders; Supplements to refrigeration: Irradiation, Chemical treatments, Controlled atmosphere, Modified atmosphere, Silicone membrane systems, Biological treatments; Alternatives to refrigeration: Ambient storage , Evaporative Cooling, Storage in Water, Ash Storage, Air-cooled Storage, Clamp Storage, Solar Cooling, Use of Leaves

BTBS 4103 - AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY

Cultivation of Plants Produced Through Biotechnology– Growth parameters ( measurements and interpretation with respect to environment factors), Factors affecting acclimatization and field planting, Light and oxygen requirement for plant growth, Requirement of water, fertilizers and other agronomic practices for quality harvests, Irrigation techniques and their effect (drip and sprinkler techniques, fertigation), Environment and other factors important in proper management of cultivations; Germination, Dormancy, Senescence and Abscission – Physiology, Biochemistry and regulation of the processes. Applications in cultivation; Plant Hormones in Agriculture and Horticulture – Mechanism of action of plant hormones, Controlled use in commercial cultivation and their effects; Ripening of Fruits – Physiological regulation and the use in commercial agriculture; Plants Under Stress – Importance of the stress tolerance and avoidance, Genetic control of physiology of stress and hardiness.

BTBS 4104 - ADVANCED PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Regulation of Gene Expression – Importance of differential gene expression in plant development, Components involved in regulation of gene expression, Regulation at initiation of transcription, Regulation at the level of transcription, Post - transcriptional control, Factors affecting the expression of a gene, Specific examples of regulation of plant genes; Application of Gene Transfer Technology - Techniques for plant transformation, Use of plant transformation to study plant physiology and biochemistry, Plants as bioreactors, Transgenic plants as vaccine production systems, Phytoremediation of contaminated soils, Regulation of research and development of transgenic plants and release of transgenic plants; Discovery / Cloning of Plant Genes – Probe based screening, Genomic and proteomic approaches, Map based cloning; Molecular Biology of Plant Processes – Molecular basis of photosynthesis, Gene expression in the developing seed, Gene expression in ripening fruits, Molecular basis of flower colour, Molecular basis for sexual incompatibility in plants; Current Issues in Plant Molecular Biology.

BTBS 4105 - INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction to Industrial Biotechnology- Need for R&D and pilot scale production, Current global scenario, University-industry collaboration; Fermentation Technology and Operation – Fermenters, Yeast technology; Crop Biotechnology- Plant production, Product handling; Environment Biotechnologies – Pollution detection (Biosensors), Pollution control, Phytoremediation ; Genetically Manipulated Organisms and Products; Food, Pharmaceutical and Enzyme Industries; Ethical Aspects of Biotechnology, Research and Application; Biotechnology in Developing and Developed Countries - Current applications, Regulatory issues, Patent issues, Trade; Biotechnology (BT) and Information Technology (IT) Interdependence –Need for latest information; Management of Biotech Related Industries – Management and financial issues, Marketing aspects, Need for technology compatible management and working practices; Industrial Safety – Rules and regulations; Potential Biotech Industries for Sri Lanka – Current status and future.

BTBS 4106 - SEMINAR AND VIVA-VOCE EXAMINATION

Seminar (80%) - A seminar to be presented based on the research project. Evaluation will be on the presentation and the understanding of the subject matter.

Viva-voce (20%)– Each student shall face a viva-voce that will cover subject matter and topics of general interest.

BTBS 4107 - PRACTICAL UNIT

An examination to test the laboratory skills acquired over the 04-year period of study.

BTBS 4108 - ESSAY

To assess general reading / knowledge on topics of current interest. The staff shall guide the students.

BTBS 4109 - RESEARCH PROJECT

Each student will be required to carry out a supervised research project on a topic given by the Department. The student must submit the results of the project as a dissertation. Evaluation will be based on the research skills demonstrated and on the dissertation.

Last modified : August 26, 2002.