AM 3101 - Mathematical Methods III

Matrices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization of a matrix, inverse of a matrix; determinants, solution of equations, quadratic forms; applications, Cartesian tensors and their applications; Fourier series, Variational Principle; applications to Mechanics and Geometry.

AM 3104 - Mathematical Modelling I : Physical & Social Science

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING, A Tool for problem Solving in Engineering, Physical, Biological and Social Sciences (1990) by D.N.P. Murthy, N.W. Page and E.Y. Rodin.

Brief outline:

Definition of mathematical modelling, Concepts of system identification; Static vs Dynamic, Deterministic vs Stochastic, General introduction to models, classification of models & types of models; modelling deterministic systems and modelling uncertain systems, An analysis of these systems related to models in Engineering, Physical and Social Sciences.

Detailed outline:

1. INTRODUCTION

The nature of Mathematical Modelling

Approach to the modelling process

The System approach

2. DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM

Demand for soft drinks
Super market operation
Optimal Production
River pollution
Rocket launch
Weather changes
World population
Component reliability
3. SYSTEM CHARACTERISATION

(i) Concepts

System/Variable/Parameter
System/Environment
Relationships
(ii) Degree .in detail.(" black -box " description)

(iii) Static vs. Dynamic

Continuous time vs. Discrete time
Time scales in Dynamic systems
(iv) Deterministic vs. Stochastic

4. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

(i) General introduction to models

Model-varying meanings
Representation
Adequacy
(ii) Mathematical models classification

Empirical vs. Theoretical model
Classification of Mathematical models
(iii) Analog of Simulation models

(iv) Mathematical modelling

5. FORMULATION & ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS (I)

(Modelling deterministic System)

Static Formulations
Difference Equation Formulations
Ordinary Differential Equation (O.D.E) Formulations
Differential Difference Equation (D.D.E) Formulations
Partial Differential Equation (P.D.E) Formulations
6. FORMULATION & ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS (II)

Analysis of Variance formulations
Regression formulations
Discrete state/Discrete time formulations
Discrete state/Continuous time formulations
Continuous state/Discrete time formulations
Continuous state/Continuous time formulations
7. OTHER TOPICS AS TIME PERMITS

AM 3105 – Mathematical Modelling II : Economics, Finance & Insurance (Application to Economic, Finance and Insurance)
Texts:

1. Introductory Mathematics for Economics and Business (1992) by K.Holden and A.W. Pearson

2. Financial Analysis (1990) by Bill Rees 3. Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics (1990) by Robert Mason, Douglas Lind

Brief outline:

Mathematical methods used in Economic concepts such as demand & supply, elasticity of demands, marginal analysis, cost & revenue analysis, Analysis of economic models using differential equations and difference equations; an inflation-unemployment model, growth model, a consumption model, Application of mathematics in finance; risk and return, portfolio theory, asset pricing models,interests including annuities and sinking funds, Other topics such as (1) an introduction to decision making under uncertainty; payoff table, opportunity loss, sensitivity analysis, (2) Index numbers; meaning of index numbers and types of index numbers.

Detail outline:

Part I - Mathematics For Economics

1. Use of Linear /Nonlinear Equations in Basic Economic Concepts (a) Demand and Supply (b) The effect of taxation on demand (c) Simple national income models (d) IS-LM analysis (e) Breakeven point (f) Net revenue

2. Use Of Differential Calculus/Integral Calculus in Economics (a) Elasticity of demands (b) Marginal analysis (c) Cost and revenue analysis (d) Profit maximisation in several markets (e) Inventory models (f) Consumer's surplus and producer's surplus

3. Analysis of Economic Models Using Differntial and Difference Equation (a) An inflation-unemployment model (b) The cobweb model (Demand & supply model) (c) The Harrad-Domer growth model (Resources-investment model) (d) A consumption model (e) A consumption-investment model (f) Samuelson's multiplier-accelerator model (Demand - investment model)

Part II - Mathematics For Finance

4. The Capital Markets (i) Capital markets (a) The function of capital markets (b) The international Stock Exchange (ii) Risk and return (a) The return on an investment (b) The risk of an investment (c) Risk aversion (d) Portfolio theory (iii) Asset pricing models

5. Calculation of interests and related topics

(a) Simple interest (b) Compound interest (c) Discounting (d) Annuities and sinking funds

Part III - Other Topics

6. An Introduction to decision Making Under Uncertanity.

(i) Elements of Decision (a) Payoff table (b) Expected payoff

(ii) Opportunity loss (iii) Expected opportunity loss (iv) Maxmin, Maximax, and Minimax regret Strategies (v) Sensitivity analysis

7. Index Numbers.

(i) Meaning of index numbers

(ii) Types of index numbers (a) Price indexes (b) Quantity indexes (c) Value indexes (d) Special-Purpose indexes

(iii) Construction of index numbers (a) Unweighted indexes (b) Weighted indexes

(iv) Consumer price index (a) Special uses of the Consumer Price index (b) Deflating Sales (c) Purchasing power (d) Cost-of-Living Adjustments

8. Other Topics as Time Permits.

.

AM 3106 – An Introduction to Computer Algebra Systems and matrix algebra with "Mathematica"

Part A – An Introduction to computer Algebra Systems

Definition of a Computer Algebra System. Special and General Purpose Computer Algebra Systems. Some properties of Computer Algebra Systems. Advantages and Limitations of Computer Algebra Systems. A Comparison between the computer Algebra Systems, Mathematica, MAPLE and Matlab via their Internal representations and Algorithms. A demonstration of the capabilities of Computer Algebra Systems through concepts such as Symbolic Equation Solving, Symbolic Calculus. Optimization problems, Number theory, Differential Equations, Limits and Power Series, 2D and 3D plotting, Curve fitting and matrix manipulation using a variety of problems in Science, Engineering, Economics and Finance.

Part B – Matrix Algebra with Mathematica
The Computer Algebra System “Mathematica” will be used to introduce the following Topics of Matrix Algebra.

Elementary Cannonical Forms, Characteristic Values, Annihilating Polynomials, Diagonalization, Rational and Jordan Forms, Unitary and Normal Matrices.

AM 3107 – Computer Applications in Discrete Mathematics.

Introduction:

Most of the following languages and packages will used in applying Discrete Mathematics. Java (only introductory material), C++, 3D modeling packages, Linux and Window packages, connecting to databases using relevant packages. Any language or package can be replaced by another equivalent language or package .

Advanced Topics:

Complexity of Algorithm; Introduction to graph theory, Hoffman codes; encoding matrices; decoding tables; breath first search and depth first search for spanning trees; Prim's algorithm and Kruskal’s algorithm for minimum spanning trees; shortest path algorithm; Euclidean algorithm; sorting algorithms and sorting trees; search algorithms; complexity of algorithms; analysis of algorithms; infix prefix and postfix forms; binary strings; traveling salesman problem; algorithms with applications in Java, C++.

Automata, Grammars and Languages; Finite-state machines; finite state automata; languages and grammars; contest-free grammars and context-sensitive grammars; string fractals.

Every other month there will be a assignment; Each assignment will be like a small project. At the end of the course there will be a computer based group assignment.

· Assignments related to topics taught and Object-Oriented Programming and Database programming related to Discrete Mathematics and Mathematics.

· Assignments in using of 3D modeling packages.

Examination Criteria:

The examination criteria will consist of a continuous assessment component together with a written component. The continuous assessment component will consist of selected, computer lab attendance/assignments/presentations (consisting of mainly of C++, Java) and will carry 30% of the grade. The written examination will account for the other 70% of the grade.

Selection Criteria:

The student will be selected by the same criteria adopted for AM 3106 which is the weighted average of the 1st and 2nd year Applied Mathematics courses. In addition any Mathematics Special students could follow the course.

Courses for General Degree Students

CS3122-CS3127 are strictly for general degree students. All of them consist of Assignments - 20%, Mini-project - 30%, Examination (4 compulsory questions) - 50%.

CS 3121 - Structured Systems Analysis and Design
Introduction to Information Systems; Transaction Processing Systems, Management Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Executive Support Systems and Strategic Infromation Systems; The Systems Development Life Cycle: Steps, Tasks, and Products; Fact Gathering Techniques: Interviews, Questionaires, Record Inspection and Observation; Data Capture, Input Verification and Control; Tools for Structured Analysis: Data Flow Diagrams, Data Dictionaries, Information Flow Diagrams, Activity Trigger Diagrams, Entity Relationship Diagrams, Document Flow Diagrams, Resource Flow Diagrams; Tools for Structured Design: Structure Charts, Warnier-Orr Diagrmms, Hierarchical Input Output; Software Costing; CASE Tools; Fourth Generation Tools and Prototyping.

30% for the assignments; 70% for the written paper

CS 3122 - Planning and Management of Software Projects
Anatomy of a Software House; Software Management; Process Modelling; Software Measurement; Project Planning and Estimation; Cost and Schedule Estimation, Comparison of Cost Models; Quality Measurement; Dependability Measurement, Software Reliability Modelling, Safety Critical Software: Maintenance Cost Estimation, Software Safety; Contracting Services, Employee Management, Health and Safety at Work; Intellectual Property Laws, Codes and Conduct.

CS 3123 - Designing, Managing and Administrating Database Systems
Course introduced for 94/95 General Degree Intake onwards
Department of Statistics & Computer Science

Prerequisites: AM 115 (Part B) or AM 217 (Part B)
No of Students: 20 (on merit performance at prerequisite)

File Organisation and access mechanisms; Data models; Database Query Languages; Database design: ER modeling, mapping ER model to physical data models, design guidelines, design tools; Database management; Database administration; Database access over the Internet; Case studies; Special topics.

Assignments - 20%; Mini Project - 30%; Examination (4 Compulsory Questions) - 50%

CS 3124 - Multimedia and Hypermedia Technology
Multimedia Concepts; Hardware and Software Components; Audio Recording, Editing and Mixing; Capturing and Processing Images; Moving Pictures and Animation; Authoring Systems; Introduction to Hypertext and Hypermedia; Comparison of Digital and Traditional Publishing Methods; Human Memory and Hypermedia; Structuring Hypermedia Applications; Hypermedia Development Process; Virtual Reality Modelling.

CS 3125 - Networking Technologies
Transmission Media, Physical Layer Interface Standards and Models; Introduction to LAN Networking, Protocols and Standards, Ethernet; Introduction to LAN Operating Systems; Client-Server Communication Model in LAN; LAN Management; Monitoring and Diagnostics - Methods and Tools; Introduction to WAN Networking; Private Networks; Introduction to INTERNET Networking; Addressing; Routing; TCP/IP Suite, Structure and Operation of the Domain Name System used in TCP/IP Suite; Network Operating Systems; Server, Client, and Management; Windows NT; NT Workstation, Server and Backoffice, Management; Unix: User Administration.

CS 3126 - Internet Programming
Introduction to Internet, Standards, and Specifications; Survey of Contemporary Internet Technologies; Current Internet Tools; Designing and Publishing a Web Server; WWW Programming - Markup Languages; Using Alternative Protocols in WWW; Adding Multimedia Features to WWW; Server-side Programming, Client Programming, and Database Programming for the Web; Security and Privacy Issues.

CS 3127 - Rapid Application Development
User Interface Design; Prototyping and end-user Programming; Object-oriented Concepts including Class Identification, Inheritance, Encapsulation, and Polymorphism; Visual Container Classes, Visual Elements; Dynamic Link Libraries; Open Database Connectivity, Object Linking and Embedding; Client-Server Programming, Object-Oriented Programming, Software Development using a Visual Tool.

PH 3106 - Introductory Nuclear Physics

General survey of radioactive decay; Half Life; Series Decay; Artificial Radioactivity, Applications of Radioactivity; Biological effects of radiation; Alpha decay; Barrier penetration; Fine structure of Alpha spectra; The theory of Alpha decay; Systematics of Alpha decay; Rutherford scattering, Beta decay; Experiments on the neutrino; Systematics of Beta decay; The Fermi theory of Beta decay; Electron and positron energy spectra; Electron capture; The neutrino mass; The theory of Gamma decay: Internal conversion; Nuclear isomerism; Nuclear sizes and nuclear masses; The distribution of nuclear matter in nuclei; The masses and binding energies of nuclei in their ground states; The semiempirical mass formula; The Beta stability valley; The masses of the Beta stable nuclei; The energetics of Alpha decay and fission; Ground state properties of nuclei; The liquid drop model; Nuclear potential well, Introduction to shell model; Magic numbers; Nuclear chart; Power from nuclear fission; Induced fission; Neutron cross sections for U235 and U238; The fission process; The chain reaction; Nuclear reactors; Radioactive waste; Nuclear fusion; The sun; Hydrogen burning; The passage of charge particles through matter; Energy loss due to ionization; Passage of Gamma rays through matter; Introduction to particle physics; Nomenclature and Catalogue of particles; Conservation laws; Introduction to quarks and basic interactions in nature; Brief introduction to nuclear detectors.

PH 3107 - Special Relativity and Introductory Quantum Physics

Special Relativity

Galilean transformation equations, Newtonian relativity; Ether concept and the Michelson-Moreley experiment; Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis and ether-drag hypothesis; Einestein's postulates of the special theory of relativity; Lorentz transformation equations; Non-absolute simultaneity; Length contraction; Time dilation; Relativistic velocity and acceleration transformation equations; Aberration and Doppler effect of relativity; Relativistic dynamics: momentum, mass, kinetic energy, equivalence of mass and energy; Some experimental evidence in favour of relativity; Space-time diagrams and their uses; Time order and space separation of events; "Twin paradox"; Introduction to general relativity.

Introductory Quantum Physics

Inadequacies of classical physics and evolution of quantum physics; Particles and wave packets; Heisenberg uncertainty principle and its consequences; Wave function and its interpretation, position probability density, superposition principle; Time-dependent Schrodinger equation; Conservation of probability, probability current density; Dirac bracket notation; Linear operators and their properties: eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of operators, hermitian operators, adjoint operator; Expansions in eigen functions: orthogonality, degeneracy, probability amplitudes, discrete and continuous spectra; Commutators and commuting observables; Expectation values; Time-independent Schrödinger equation, stationary states; Energy quantisation; Properties of the energy eigen functions; General solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation; Solutions of the time-independent Schrodinger equation for a particle moving in a region of: zero potential, step potential, barrier potential, square well potential, infinite square well potential, linear harmonic oscillator potential, square box potential; Symmetry and parity; Orbital angular momentum and orbital magnetic dipole moment of electron; Stern-Gerlach experiment, existence of spatial quantisation, spin angular momentum and spin magnetic dipole moment of electron; Spin-orbit interaction, Thomas precession.

PH 3108 - Environmental Physics

The earth's atmosphere, composition, temperature profile, exosphere and magnetosphere; Solar radiation and insolation, effect of atmosphere, pollution level and turbidity factor, the solar radiation budget; Dynamic meteorology, motions of the atmosphere; Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, temperature inversions and its effects on the pollution level of industrialized cities; Greenhouse effect and global warming, greenhouse gases & heat absorbvity, greenhouse effect on other planets, three dimensional climate model, ice-ages; Climate change and sea-level rise; feedback loops, policy-making; Ozone depletion and its consequences, preventive measures; Clouds , Precipitation and Water, humidity, mist and fog ,artificial rain making, acid rains; Droughts and the El Nino effect, southern oscillatory index; Water pollution, hydraulic loading applicable for different soils; Geophysical environment, earth and its interior, geological structure, continental drift, earthquakes and seismology, volcanos, landslips; Physical oceanography: horizontal circulation, Ekman spiral, geostrophic currents, westward intensification; Vertical circulation, wind-induced circulation, equatorial upwelling, coastal upwelling, Langmuir circulation, thermohaline circulation, surface circulation, Gulf stream eddies , deep water masses; The earth's electrical environment , atmospheric electricity, cloud electrification and thunderstorms, lightning hazards and protection; Air pollution, detection techniques, anthropological sources , volcanic dust , recommended buffer zones; Pollution due to electric fields & electromagnetic radiation, potential hazards of weak alternating fields & microwaves; sound & vibration, acoustics of buildings, reduction of noise, Sri Lanka standards , supersonic waves , inaudible sound and vibration, measurement of vibration ; Energy sources & their impact on the environment ; Environment Impact Assessment(EIA)-physical aspects. Field visit to industrial sites exposing students to real environmental problems.

PH 3109 - Medical Physics (45 hours)

Bio mechanics: Forces on and in the human body; Energy production and consumption of the body, Physics of the functions of important organs: Eye, Ear, Lungs and Heart and Central nerves system, Physics of different measuring instruments used in diagnosis: Blood pressure, Heart beat, Temperature, Application of Physics in diagnostic techniques: Ultrasonic scanning; ECG, EEG, CT/CAT scanning, NMR imaging (MRI scanning), EM radiation in medicine: Lasers and fiber optics, X-rays: Production and their applications in radiotherapy, Radiography, Dosimetry, Treatment planning, Hazards of EM radiation: Biological damage, Radiation Physics and radio diagnosis: Interaction of photons and nuclear particles with matter; Radiation units; Maximum permissible dose, Radiation damage, Radiation detectors, Radiation protection, Nuclear medicine: Physics of instrumentation used in nuclear medicine; Interpretation of nuclear medicine images, Medical electronics: Transducers; Active filters, Amplifiers; Signal processing and recording, Some current topics in medical physics

PH 3120 - Physics Practicals (240 hours)

Applications of Operational Amplifiers, Oscillators, transients in LCR circuits, Hysteresis, experiments in physical optics, Micro-waves, Ultrasonic, optical instruments, experiments in Atomic Physics and Nuclear Physics. This work will be continuously assessed.

PHB 3102 - Electronics for Bio Science Students

A brief introduction to circuit theories; measuring instruments: multimeter & oscilloscope; capacitor & inductor; transients in LCR circuits; LC oscillations; resonance in LCR circuits; tuning; semiconductor diodes; voltage rectification; voltage regulators (Zener diode) and construction of a low voltage DC power supply; light emitting diodes (LEDs); 7-segment display units; photo diodes & solar cells; bipolar junction transistors: amplifier action, operational amplifier as a voltage amplifier & a current amplifier, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers and their applications; operational amplifiers with positive and negative feedback; Introduction to digital electronics: advantages of digital techniques over analogue techniques, binary number system, representation of information in binary form, introduction to logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinations of logic gates, simplification of logic circuits using De Morgan's theorem, sequential logic circuits, construction of a full adder using gates, flip-flop as a memory element, counters and registers.

Practicals (20 Hours)

Introduction to laboratory test equipment, experiments with I.C.R.circuits, characteristics of diodes and transistors, and their applications, logic gates and their applications. This will be evaluated in the question paper PHB 3102.

STP 3103 - Regression And Time Series

Prerequisites : None
No. of Students : Unlimited

Correlation, Simple linear regression, Least squares procedure, Gauss Markov theorem, Confidence bands, Analysis of variance, Multiple linear regression, Lack of fit, Comparisons of regressions. Decomposition of a time series, Moving averages, Forecasting, Autocorrelation, Tests of randomness, Stationary series, Probability models.

30% for the assignments
70% for the theory paper

STP 3104 - Mathematical Modeling - Operational Research

Prerequisites : None
No. of Students : Unlimited

Introduction, purpose of modeling and types of modeling, Linear programming models, model building, different algorithms, graphical, simplex, two-phase simplex, big M, different types of solutions,

Duality theorems, shadow prices, sensitivity analysis. Transporation models and their solutions. Integer programming, formulation of integer programming, algorithms cutting plane method, branch and bound method. Project planning and control, PERT algorithm.Inventory control models, Basic deterministic models, basic probabilistic models.

Queuing system, Arrival patterns, service mechanism, queue configuration, queue discipline, classification of modules.

30% for the Assignments
70% for the Theory paper

MG 3102 - Management

Prerequisites : None
No. of Students : Unlimited

Principles of Management, Functions of a Manager, planning and control, Decision. Organizational Behaviour, Characteristics of Organizations, Motivation, Leadership. Functional Areas and Managerial Economics, Financial Management. Marketing, Production, Procurement. Methods and the Measurement of work, inventory control, case Analysis.

30% for the assignments
70% for the written paper

PM 3101 - Algebra

Group permutations, Symmetric and Alternating groups, Dihedral groups, Linear and Linear fractional groups, Isomorphisms of groups, Abstract groups, Non-isomorphic groups, Cayley's theorem, Subgroups generated by elements, Cosets, Normal subgroups, Largrange's theorem, Quotient group, and, Homomorphism and Isomorphism theorems for groups, Product of groups.

Theorems of homomorphism and Isomorphism of rings, Characteristic of a ring, Ideals, Quotient rings, Prime and Maximal ideals, Polynomial and Euclidean rings, Definitions and Examples of Modules and Algebras.

Characteristic of a field and Simple fields, Field of quotients.

PM 3104 - Real Analysis

INTEGRATION

Antiderivatives and the indefinite integral. The problem of the area under a curve. Numerical integration (Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, series expansion method). Applications

Preliminaries:

Sup and inf. Partitions and step functions.

Integration:

Integration of step functions. Darboux sums, definitions of the integral . Elementary properties, Classes of integrable functions (monotonic functions, continuous functions). Differentiation and integration (Fundamental theorem of the calculus). The intregral as the limit of Riemann sums. Mean value theorems. Techniques of integration (integration by parts, integration by substitution).

Improper integrals:

Test for convergence of improper integrals (analogues of Cauchy condition, absolute convergence, comparison test, ratio limit test, Dirichelet's and Abel's tests).

Cauchy's integral test (derivatives of Stirling's formula for n!, obtaining Euler's constant). Gamma and beta functions.

Functions of several variables

Limits, iterated limits, continuity. Partial derivatives (higher order partial derivatives, composition of functions and the chain rule)

Directional derivative, differentiability. Implicit functions (theorems of existence (without proof) differentiation of implicit functions). Taylor's theorem and extremum values.

PM 3103 - Complex Analysis

Operations on complex numbers; the complex plane, regions and mappings (isometries, bilinear transformations, groups of transformations); roots of equations, Factorisation; limits and continuity, differentiation (Cauchy-Riemann equations), Conformal mappings; sequences, series (absolute convergence, ratio test, root test), power series (radius of convergence, multiplication of power series, differentiation of a power series); exponential (exponential series, Euler's formula), logarithmic, hyperbolic and trigonometric functions; Complex integration (definition and some simple results)

CH 3112 - Concepts of Advanced Chemistry

Quantum Chemistry: Operators, postulates, solutions of harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, and H-atom equations. Significance of quantum numbers, shapes of atomic orbitals. Linear combination of atomic orbitals, h3 molecular orbitals. Applications: tunneling, Huckel molecular orbital theory, photoelectron spectra.

Statistical Thermodynamics Distribution of molecular states, configurations and weights, Boltzmann distribution molecular partition function and its interpretation. Monatomic and diatomic molecules: translational, rotational, vibrational. and electronic contribution to partition function. Derivation of thermodynamic properties, heat capacity, equilibrium constant.

Statistical evaluation of analytical data Precision and accuracy, errors, detection and elimination of determinate errors, random errors, standard deviation, confidence limit, presentation of analytical results, rejection criteria, variance, propagation of random errors, standard addition method to eliminate errors in spectroscopic methods.

Non-aqueous solvent

Classification of solvents, acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents.

Basic separational techniques

Solvent extraction ion-exchange and chromatography in brief.

Organometallic Chemistry and Boron Chemistry

bonding and cyclopentadiene complexes of iron. Bonding in boron-hydrogen compounds, carboranes.

Introduction to aminoacids and peptides.

Structure of amino acids, isoelectic point, acid-base behaviour, peptide bond, 3D structure of proteins. Denaturation of enzymes. Chemical synthesis of a peptide (to include correct choice of N-terminal, C-terminal and side change protecting groups). Determination of the amino acid sequence of a peptide (N-terminal), C-terminal, Eclmans degradation and related methods.)

CH 3113 - Analytical Chemistry

Advanced sampling techniques: Sampling of water and air, preservation methods.

Titrimetry: Conditional formation constants in titrimetry, sequestration and its application, Indicators in titrimetry.

Analytical atomic spectroscopy

Atomic spectroscopy based on ultraviolet and visible radiation; atomizers, types of flames, effects of flame temperature, line sources for atomic modulation, spectral and chemical interferences, solvent effect and matrix effects; sensitivity and accuracy. emission spectroscopy; instrumentation, comparison of atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy, flame photometer, interferences.

Separational Methods : Solvent extraction: parameters, relationships, counter-current extraction. Multiple extraction systems, factors affecting extractability, extraction systems.

Chromatography: Classification of chromatographic methods, elution chromatography, chromatograms, migration rates of solutes, partition ratios in chromatography. Differential migration rates, shapes of chromatographic peaks, methods for describing the efficiency of chromatographic columns, kinetic variables affecting band broadening, optimization of column performance, applications in chromatography.

Thermal methods: Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermometric titrimetry. Luminescence in analysis: molecular fluorescence methods; temperature and solvent effects. Effect of concentration on fluorescence intensity, applications of fluorescence methods. Electroanalytical methods: Polarography, anodic stripping voltammetry, amperometry, coulometry, electrogravimetry, ion selective electrodes.

Practical Component Solvent extraction and ion-exchange separation of trace metal ions and organic compounds. Spectrophotometric determinations of multicomponent mixtures (without separating). Atomic absorption spectrometry in trace metal analysis, Fluorimetry Industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

CH 3114 - Industrial Chemistry

Soap and Detergents Nature and properties of detergents: soaps, synthetic detergents. Chemistry of unbuilt detergent solutions: hydrolysis in detergent solutions, nature of detergents in solution. surface activity of unbuilt detergent solutions: surface tension, interfacial tension, liquid-solid interfaces, identity of the surface-active species. Action of unbuilt detergent solutions: wetting and spreading, foaming, emulsification, peptization, solubilization and stabilization. Nature and properties of builder solutions: nature of builders, hydrolysis of builders, neutralization by builders, surface activity of builder solutions, emulsification by builders, peptization by builders, stabilization of dispersed systems by builders. Electrical phenomena in detergeny: general aspects, zeta potential, electrocapillarity. Influence of builders on the nature and surface activity of detergent solutions. Influence of builders on the actions of detergent solutions. Manufacture of soaps and detergents.

Paints and Varnishes: Constituents of paints: binders, pigments, additives and thinner, Decorative finishes: Emulsion and enamel paints. Industrial finishes: chlorinated rubber paints, epoxy rubber paints, storing enamels and Hammer finishes. Vehicle refinishes: nitrocellulose and acrylic paint systems. Methods of application and uses of paints. Varnishes: constituents, high gloss, semigloss or matt finish types. Methods of application and uses of varnishes. Lacquers. Test for paints: fineness of grind, pH value (for water based paints), viscosity, surface appearance, colour, density, specific gravity, covering power, gloss, storage stability and drying time. Chemical analysis of paints. Manufacture of paints and varnishes.

Pesticides: Classification of pesticides, organochlorines: DDT and related compounds, BHC, Aldrin. alkyl thiocyanates. Organophosphorous compounds: Triclorphon and related compounds, phosphoroamidothioates, O-phosphorothiates and S-phosphorothiates. Carbamate insecticides: Aldicarb and tazimcarb, synthesis of carbofuran. Pesticides of natural origin: pyrethrins and related compounds, synthetic pyrethroids. Industrial manufacture, application methods, human toxicity.

Polymers: Introduction : general characterization, classification, inorganic & organic polymers, natural & synthetic macromolecules. Structual principles: degree of polymerization, copolymers, branched & cross-linked polymers, primary, secondary & tertiary structures. Synthesis & reactions: synthesis of macromolecules with C-C chains through polymerization of olefinic unsaturated compounds, synthesis of macromolecules containing heteroatoms enzymatic synthesis, purification of polymers, chemical transformations of polymers. Properties: molecular weight, molecular shape. States of macromolecular, aggregation: intermolecular forces & aggregation, macromolecular solution,gel state, rubber-elastic state, solid state.

Electrotechnology: Corrosion: thermodynamic and kinetic criteria. Corrosion current corrosion potential difference, inhibition, passivation, galvanising, anodising, cathodic protection, sacrificial anodes. Theory of differential aeration. Fuel cells : principles, overpotentials and temperature, hydrogen/oxygen, hydrocarbon/air, CO/air cells.Power storage: primary and secondary cells, alkaline accumulators. Current efficiently, Energy efficienty. Alkali metal/hydrogen, alkali metal/s, Zn/air, Ni/Zn and other examples. Electrolytic extraction and refining. Eg. for Al, Mg, MgCl2 Na and Ag. Electroplating, electrochemical polishing and machining. Non metallurgical electrochemical processes. Production of NaOH, Cl2 hypochlorites and chlorates, theoretical aspects. Electrolysis of water, isotope separation by electrolysis. Electrochemical solar energy conversion. Principles, corrosion, side reactions, use of dyes. Examples such as halogen/halide cells. Electrochemical synthesis: gulcose to mannitol and sorbitol, Haber's elctroreduction of nitrobenzene. Preparation of hydrocarbons by the electrolysis of carboxylic acids. Substitution of H by halogens.

Food Chemistry: Introductionn, Proteins in food: plant proteins, milk proteins and egg proteins. Importance of proteins in diet. Analysis methods: Kjeldalhl's method, Dumas method. Heat treatment of proteins. Carbohydrates in food: starch, action of enzymes on starch, cellulose, pectin. Identification and quantitative determination. Metabolism of carbohydrates. Changes of carbohydrates on cooking, hydrolysis, gelatinization of starch, Fats and lipids: identification of natural fats and oils, lipid metabolism, flavour changes in fats and oils. Technology of fat products: butter, margarine, lard, cooking and frying oils. Flavour and aroma of foods, flavour additives, preservatives, food colourings, food toxins.

Industrial Effluents & Treatment: Chemical interactions between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. Effect of those interaction on the earth's crust. Anthropogenic inputs to the atmosphere and effect of them on the chemical interactions. Monitoring and control of anthropogenic inputs to the atmosphere. Effect of industrial effluents on the hydrosphere. Monitoring of ground and surface waters. Possible pollutions of atmosphere and hydrosphere due to industries in Sri Lanka. Treatment processes to reduce pollution.

Cement and Ceramics: Raw materials in cement industry. Manufacture of cement, compound composition of Portland cement, hydration, setting and hardening of cement, effect of salts on the setting of cements, different types of cements.

Raw materials in ceramic industry, clays, manufacture of ceramicware body and glaze. Various stages of the manufacturing process.

Fertilizers: Fertilizer quality, Fertilizer grade, Fertilizer types Nitorgen fertilizers, nitrogen cycle, organic nitorgen fertilizers, inorganic nitorgen fertilizers, synthetic nitrogen fixation, industrial ammonia synthesis, production of urea and urea derivatives, ammonium sulphate. Origin of phosphate fertilizers, phosphate reserves, manufacture of phosophoric acid, ammonium phosphate, triple super phosphate and ordinary super phosphate from phosphate rock, significance of sulphuric acid in phosphate fertilizer industry. Potash raw materials and their recovery, production of agricultural potash, production of potassium sulphate and Sul-Po-Mag. Magnesium fertilizers, Dolomite as a magnesium fertilizer.

CH 3115 - Organic Chemistry

Free Energy Relationships: Introduction to electronic effects, steric and proximity effects, linear free energy relationships, Hammett plots in the study of reaction mechanisms, reaction constant and substituent constant solvent effects, solvent parameters, kinetic Isotope effects.

Heterocyclic Chemistry Nomenclature of heterocyclic systems containing one heteroatom, synthes and reactions of 5 membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom (O,N,S), condensed pyrroles including the synthesis of a porphyrin systems, naturally occurring pyrrole pigments, synthesis of haemin and biotin, synthesis and reactions of pyridines, introduction to flavones, flavanols and isoflavanols.

Carbohydratres Occurence nomenclauture, configuratio rocedures, determination of strucuture, reactions and synthesis, of selected examples.

Photochemistry Introduction: emr spectrum; uv/visible, light sources: discharge, filament lamps, filters, photosensilizations. Photochemical reactions of ketons: a-cleavage, b-cleavage, H-abstractions. Use of photochemical reactions in synthasis and industry. Photooxidation, photoisomerization.

Practical Component Synthesis of a heterocyclic compound, photochemical synthesis, extraction of natural products, use of chromatographic techniques in organic chemistry.

CH 3116 - Physical Chemistry

Solid State : Ionic, covalent and metallic solids. Molecular and hydrogen bonded crystalis, thermal properties of solids. Born-haber cycle heat capacity, Electrical conductivity of metals, free electron theory, band theory: metals insulators and semiconductors. Optical properties fo solids, UV transparency, Basic X-ray crystallography; crystal structure, Bragg reflections, powder method.

Surface analytical techniques: LEED, X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopies, ISS, field emission and field ion microscopy.

Kinetics and Photochemistry Exicitation Sources : lamps, laser, particle beams, laser action: spontaneous and stimulated emission, optical pumpling, inverse population; detection techniques: time resolved and steady state; Determination of quantum fields and life times; Emission and quenching; stern-volmer plots, quenching cross sections; fates of excited state; Jablonski diagrams; fluorenscence, phosphorescence, radiative and non radiative transitions, Time scales, selection rules, Energy transfer, delayed fluorescence, chemiluminescence.

Physical Aspects of Macromolecules Types historical development, classification, definitions, nomenclature. Elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, fibres. Polymer solutions: thermodynamics, molecular mass, chain dimensions. Thermal and mechanical properties. Tg and Tm crystallinity. Viscoelasticity. Mechanical properties of solid polymers: effect of struture on Tg and Tm and on mechanical properties. Solubility, reactivity, heat resistance, aging, degradation, processing, additives, moulding, spinning, cold forming, casting, product design.

Advanced Kinetics Simple collision theory: collision cross sections.Collision frequency, steric factor; Arrhenious theory, transition state theory, Derivation, thermodynamic applications.

Practical Component: Excited state kinetics: Stern-Volmer plots and measurement of quenching rate constants.

Phase equilibria : Experiments with binary and tertiary mixtures.

Surface chemistry: Analysis of photoelectron spectra Quantum chemistry : Application of linear variation theory to a simple system using computers.

CH 3117 - Inorganic Chemistry

Organometallic Chemistry Introduction : Electronic configurations (dn) of the transition metals; classification of ligands according to the number of electrons donated; the 18 electrnrule and coordinative unsaturation; oxidation state formalism; geometry of transition metal chemistry vs coordination number and electron configuration ligand field splitting for various coordination geometries.

Metal - lignad bonding : Carbon monoxide; dinitrogen; olefins; nitric oxide; group VB donor isocyanides.

Reactivity Patterns : Oxidative additions; insertion reactions (migratory insertions migrations to carbon monoxide, olefins); reductive eliminations (mononuclear system reaction forming C-C bonds and C-H bonds);

Homogeneous Catalysis : Olefin hydrogenation; hydroformylation reaction; Monsanto acetic acid synthesis; water gas shift reaction; hydrosilation of unsaturated compounds; polymerization of ethylene.

Chemistry of Ferrocene: Synthesis, structure and bonding, reactivity.

Liquid ammonia as a solvent Acids and bases in liquid ammonia, levelling effects, solubilities of substances in liquid ammonia, metals in liquid ammonia, reactions in liquid ammonia.

Metallurgy - Physical and Extraction Metallurgy Ores in Sri Lanka, beneficiation processes in Sri Lanka, iron, steel and non-ferrous metals in Sri Lanka. Physical Metallurgy : Microstructure of metals, heat treatment and microstructure, in steel iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, quenched structures, time-temperature transformation curves. Extraction metallurgy : Pyrometallurgy, Ellingham diagrams for oxide, sulphide and chloride formations. Electrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and recent advances in hydrometallurgy.

Inorganic Polymers Differences from organic polymers, classification,: homoatomic, heteroatomic polymer systems. P-N, B-N, S-N polymers: synthesis, bonding and structure. Silicone chemistry: synthesis, structure and properties of polymers, commercially available products. Silicate Chemistry Silicon-oxygen bond, silica and silicates, different types of soils and clays; structures of silicate minerals-clays, feldspar asbestos etc, zeolites and their use as ion exchangers, silicates in Sri Lankan industries, silicones and their uses.

Aspects of non-metal chemistry Boron,Boron trihalides, Borides, Borazines, oxygen compounds of boron, Boron hydrides, carboranes: synthesis, properties, reactions.

Practical component : Preparation of inorganic complexes. Study of magnetic properties and the structural elucidation of complexes using chemcial analysis, UV/visible and IR spectroscopy.

CH 3118 - Environmental Chemistry (Pre-reqisite CH 3113)

The chemistry of the atmosphere The oxygen and nitrogen cycles. Thermodynamic and the prediction of chemical reactions. Chemical interaction between the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Anthropogenic inputs to the atmosphere. The Chemistry of Water Atmospheric water and hydrologic cycle (water cycle) The role of water in the environment. Evaporite; carbonate and silica formation in the oceans. Interaction between particulate matter and sea water. Anthropogenic inputs to land-based hydrosphere and oceans. Industrial effluents; types of effluents. Chemical parameters, sampling and analysis. Effluent treatment processes.

Environmental Soil Chemistry The structure of silicate minerals. Chemical weathering reactions and weathering processes. The Chemistry of reservoirs, lakes and rivers. Water quality-potable water, water for agriculture industries.

Solid Wastes Domestic and municipal wastes-land fill policy Toxic and hazardous wastes. Non-hazardous industrial wastes. Environmental soil chemistry. Solid waste treatment.

Health related toxic chemicals Metals and non metals Inorganic compounds. Organic compounds.

Environmental Analytical Chemistry Sampling of air, water and solid matter. Analysis of pollutants in air, Analysis of water. Analysis of organic and mineral based solids.

CHB 3101 - Biochemistry

Introduction to biochemistry: Scope of Biochemistry - Knowledge on metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms of diseases, applications in medicine, agriculture and industry. A review of some aspects of chemistry needed to the study of Biochemistry- High and low energy chemical bonds, functional groups, free energy changes and Keq, properties of water.

Protein structure and function: Classification of amino acids with respect to polarity of R groups, peptide bond formation, levels of protein structure ( native, primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary), properties and different types of proteins, Proteins as molecular carriers with special reference to hemoglobin and myoglobin: O2 saturation curves and allosteric effectors of oxygen binding, Bohr effect, mechanism of cooperativity. Proteins as catalysts- enzymes: Specificity, nomenclature with reference to the type of reaction catalysis) , regulation of enzyme activity, coenzymes and cofactors.

Enzyme kinetics: Factors affecting the rates of enzyme activity Michaelis-Menton Equation and the determination of Km and Vmax. Double reciprocal (Lineweaver-Burk) plots Identification of competitive and non competitive inhibition, applications in chemotherapy Enzymes not displaying Michaelis Menton kinetics-multi enzyme systems, positive and negative cooperativity.

Bio-energetics and Fuel metabolism: A review of high energy compounds, major compounds of oxidation-reduction reactions and electro chemical proton gradients with emphasis on the role of membrane components Metabolic fuels- carbohydrates, fatty acids and carbon skeletons of amino acids and their structures. Catabolic pathways- Glycolysis: catabolism of glucose, fructose an galactose, malate and glycerol phosphate shuttle, lactic acid cycle, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, catabolism of fatty acids(B oxidation, carnitine shuttle, ketone bodies), Citric acid cycle, Entry points of C skeletons of amino acids to citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, compounds that inhibit ox. phosphorylation, regulation of ATP production.

A comparison of the key features of energy generation with respect to plants (photosynthesis), bacteria and aerobic oxidation in the mitochondrion.

Glucose storage and homeostasis. Metabolic processes involved in maintaining blood glucose levels within the normal range and how they operate during the cycle of feeding and fasting, Synthesis of glycogen, Glycogenolysis, Regulation of glycogen metabolism, Gluconeogenesis and regulation, Insulin deficiency.

Lipid synthesis and transport: Fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis: Production of NADPH by "malic enzyme" and by pentose phosphate pathway, G6PD deficiency and other disorders of pentose phosphate pathway Regulation of lipid metabolism Membrane lipids and role of nucleoside triphosphates in their synthesis Inter-organ transport of lipids with special reference to the tole of lipoproteins.

Amino acid metabolism Synthesis of amino acids: Transaminase reaction, oxidative deamination, modification of C skeletons of existion amino acids Nitrogen disposal and urea cycle Conversion of C skeleton of amino acids to intermediates of citric acid cycle, identification of ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids Genetic defects of amino acid metabolism.

Chemistry of blood: Biosynthesis, catabolism and disorders of heme metabolism Variants of haemoglobim Plasma proteins and enzymes of clinical importance

Metabolism of Purines and Pyrimidines: Biosynthesis and regulation Salvage and catabolism Disorders

The role of vitamins and minerals in nutrition: Daily requiremints and dietary sources Disorders due to deficiencies and overload

Practicals

pH and buffers

Qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins: Biuret’s and Millon’s test, tests for conjugated proteins, phosphoproteins etc., Iso-electric focusing, salting-out, precipitation by acids, heavy metals, effect of heat, separation by chromatography (paper, ion-exchange etc.), electrophoresis, dialysis and gel filtration, use of Lowry’s method, UV spectroscopy etc. for quantitative determination.

Tests for carbohydrates: Molich’s, Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, Seliwanoff’s, iodine and fermentation tests etc for carbohydrates.

Lipids: Melting point, Bromine test, saponification, tests for phospholipids etc., Quantitative estimations with colorimetry.

Enzyme kinetics: Determination of Km and Vmax, influence of temperature, pH and metal ions on the activity of salivary amylase.

Analysis of urine: Sugar, proteins, blood and bile pigments etc.

Analysis of blood: Sugar, urea, cholesterol, serum proteins, alkaline phosphatase ete.

Quantitative and Qualitative examination of food.

CHB 3102 - Molecular Biology

Introduction to basic molecular biology: Chemical informaion tn a cell- DNA, manipulation of chemical information - genetic engineering, historical background leading to the birth of molecular biology.

Molecular structure and properties of nucleic acids: Nucleic acids are linear biopolymers of nucleotides connected by phospho-diester bonds, double helical structure of DNA, hydrolysis of DNA, denaturation of linear and circular DNA, melting temperature and buoyant density of DNA, reassociation of DNA, how RNA differs from DNA.

DNA synthesis and DNA repair: Semiconservative replication, enzymes of DNA replication, mechanisms and sites of initiation of DNA synthesis, errors in replication and mechanisms of DNA repair and recombination.

Protein synthesis (at the molecular level): Roles of RNA in protein synthesis, transcription of DNA into RNA, the genetic code, initiation, elongation and termination steps in translation of mRMA into protein.

Tools in molecular biology: Micro-organisms - growth and methods of gene transfer, cloning vehgicles- introduction to plasmid and phage systems, restriction enzymes and DNA modifying enzymes used in cloning, agarose gel electrophoresis and construction of restriction maps of DNA, library building, gene cloning - Southern blotting, radio-labelling of DNA, and nucleic acid hybridizations, analysis of gene structure by DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction techniques, chromosome walking etc. and the scope of cloned genes, recombinant DNA safety, hazards and ethical considerations.

Gene expression and gene regulation in prokaryotes: Promoters, operons, regulatory proteins and regulatory genes, control of transcription, (negative, positive, compound and ternimation), control of regulatory proteins, translational control.

RNA Synthesis and Processing in eukaryotes: RNA polymerases. Transcription units, biochemical modifications of primaty trascript, RNA splicing, protein coding capacity of tracscription units, trasport of mRNA into the cytoplasm.

Molecular anatomy of eukaryotic chromosomes and genes: Morphology of chromosomes-specicialzed chromosomal elements and structure of chromatin, molecular definition of a gene, classes of eukayotic DNA-repetitive DNA, protein coding genes, RNA coding genes and spacer DNA, mechanisms of maintenance of identical gene copies-unequal crossover and gene conversion, rearrangements in chromosomal DNA-insertion, transposition, amplification and deletion. Construction of artificial chromosomes, separation of chromosomes by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

Control of gene expression in eukayotes: Gene control by cell singaling-hormones and growth factors, control at the level of trascription, RNA processing, mRNA stabilization and traslation.

Mitochondrial DNA: Structural and organizational fluidity of mitochondrial DNA, codon usage in the mitochondrion.

Biological membranes and transport across membranes Plasma membrane structure and organization, passive, active, and contrasport, osmotic pressure, phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis, transport into prokaryotic cells.

Immunity and vaccines Introduction to defence mechanisms and the basic concepts of humoral and cellular immunity, biology of the immune response and the structure of antigenes and antibodies, the structure and function of complement and interleukins in the immune reponse, lymphocyte interactions and antigen presentation and the role of major isocompatibility complex, current and novel routes of vaccination.

Practical Component

Preparation of molecular biology reagents: General considerations, sterilty, etc. Choromsomal and plasmid DNA extraction and purification Transformation of E. Coli cells with plasmid/phage DNA Restriction endonuclease digestions and ligation reactions of DNA Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, visualization of DNA by staining construction of restriction maps of DNA Southern blotting of DNA Radio/fluorescent labelling of DNA to make probes Nucleic acid hydbridizations Library construction and colony/plaque screening and hybridizations DNA sequencing reactions and electrophoresis Extractions of RNA and electrophoresis Tests for antibodies.

ZL 3101 - Human and Mammalian Biology

Theory: Characteristic of mammalia, Adaptive ratiation and broad classification of mammals; Monotremes and marsupials; Radiation and function of teeth; Radiation and function of limbs; Aquatic mammals; Proboscidea with special reference to the ecology of the Sri Lankan elephant; The ungulates and carnivores; General characteristics, classification and biology of primates; Human anatomy; Characteristics of the hominidae; Steps in human evolution; Evolution of speech and culture of man; Races of man. Lactation and regulation of fertility in man.

Practical: Study of the skeleton of dog as a representative mammal: General dissection of rat; Study of the skeleton of monotremes and marsupials; Study of teeth and limbs; Study and identification of mammalian skulls; comparative study of the skeleton of man and monkey; Study of the human brain and comparison with brain of cat.

ZL 3102 - Fish Biology and Fisheries

Theory: Review and classification of the class pisces; Gross anatomical features of a fish and characters used in classification; classification of major Sri Lankan fish families; Locomotion; Food and feeding habits; Biology of circulation, respiration, excretion and osmoregulation, nervous system and sense organs, reproduction and endocrine system; Interaction among fishes; Introduction to population dynamics; Sampling gear selectivity and fish measurements; Age and growth; Introduction to population enumeration; concepts of inshore, offshore and deep sea fisheries; Continental shelf; Exclusive economic zone; Introduction to the marine and estuarine fishes of Sri Lanka; Biology, distribution and abundance of selected fishes of Sri Lanka; fishing methods in relation to various selected species.

Practicals: Study of the gross anatomy of a fish; Identification of major groups of fish; Study of the reproductive biology of fishes with respect to gonadal development, maturity, spawning periodicity; Methods of fecundity estimation; Methods of sampling a catch in the field; Study of fishing methods and gear; Study of fish food habits. ZL 3103 - Parasitology

Theory: Introduction to parasitism; Intestinal Protozoa; Haemoflagellates; Haemosporidea; Tissue protozoa; Parasitic flatworms; Intestinal and tissue nematodes; Insects of parasitological importance; Ecology of parasites; Host-parasite responses; Immunity to parasitic infections. Practical : Observation and study of parasites using prepared slides and specimens

Course Units Offered By The Radioisotope Centre

9. Food Irradiation : Preservation of foods; packaging; combination processes; limitations of food irradiation; wholesomeness of irradiated foods; food irradiation facilities

10. Radiation Protection : Basic consideration and units; Protection of personnel; Control of contamination; Waste disposal

ZL 3105 - Conservation and Wildlife Management

Theory:

Methods of wildlife study techniques - survey methods, sampling methods, Radio-telemetry, remote sensing etc.; Population and population characters - distribution, limiting factors, interactions, mortality, growth, natality, density, life tables etc. Principles of community ecology; Fauna of Sri Lanka and its conservation; Concept of conservation; Island biogeography and park design; Habitat evaluation and management strategies for National parks, sanctuaries and habitats of elephants, buffaloa, deer and birds.

Practicals :

Use of Radiotelemetry in Wildlife studies; Sampling techniques in wildlife studies; Reconnaissance mapping; Population estimation by capture - recapture method; Feeding habits by analysis of faecal matter.

ZL 3106 - Ornithology

Theory:

Classification distribution, evolution and adaptive radiation of birds, Locomotion: flight, swimming and on land; Structure and function of integument, skeleton and muscular system, digestive system, blood vascular system, respiratory, urinogenital and endocrine systems, brain and sensory system; Body temperature and thermoregulation; Food and feeding; Breeding; nesting, eggs, clutch size and its significance; Brood parasitism; Behaviour; Sociobiological and evolutionary ecology. Population ecology and regulation; Man and birds.

Practicals:

Structure of birds; roosting sites of Corvus spp, Ecological study of the free flying bird colony; Ecological niche segregation in forest feeding birds; Line transect as a convenient method to study bird populations; Utilization of villu systems and habitat types; Reference assignment.

ZLS 3107 - Entomology

Theory:

Diagnostic features of insects; Habits and habitats of insects and their adaptability; Numbers and size; Life histories; Insects and man; Anatomy and physiology; Integument; segmentation and body regions; Muscular, nervous, circulatory, excretory, endocrine and reproductive systems; Development and metamorphosis; Nomenclature, classification and biology of the insect orders; adaptations of insects to different modes of life; relationships of insects.

Practical:

Taxonomical study of the insect orders, use of taxonomic keys for insect identification; Diversity and adaptive radiation among insects; identification of economically important species; Methods of sampling insect populations under field conditions. Permanent mounting of insect body parts of representative members from each major order; Study of the external and internal anatomy of the grasshopper; Study of the effects of different levels of pesticides on pest populations.

BT 3118 PLANT PATHOLOGY (30 h lectures and 50 h practical)

PART A - THEORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

History of Plant Pathology and Significance of Plant Diseases; Concepts and Definitions; Development of Diseases in Plants; Morphological Symptoms of Plant Diseases; Disorders caused by Abiotic Agents; Plant Pathogenic Micro-organisms - Fungi: Classification, Type of spores, Specialized structures, Resting structures, Reproduction, Bacteria: General Features of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Viruses: General Introduction, Mycoplasmalike Organisms, Fastidious Vascular bacteria, Viroids, Satellite viruses, Satellite RNA: General Features; Other Animate Agents Causing Plant Diseases; Isolation of Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Bacteria & Viruses; Diagnosis of Plant Diseases; Dissemination of Plant Pathogens; Entry into Host Tissue; Colonization of Host Tissue; Methods by which Pathogens Attack Host Tissue; Resistance to Entry and Spread of Pathogens; Effect of Pathogen on Hosts' Physiology; Survival of Plant Pathogens; Plant Disease Epidemiology; Plant Disease Control (covered in BT 217)

PART B - PLANT PATHOLOGY IN PRACTICE

A study of major diseases of important crop plants of Sri Lanka. The study will include, Post-Harvest Diseases, Seedling Diseases and diseases of Rubber, Tea, Rice, Potato, Coffee, Sugar cane, Banana, Coconut, Citrus, vegetables and ornamental crops.

BT 3119 MICROBIOLOGY (30 h lectures and 50 h practical)

Introduction and brief history of microbiology. Survey of microorganisms: Brief description of Acellular and Cellular microorganisms. Introduction to major groups of bacteria: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Cyanobacteria, Rickettsias and Mollicutes. Microorganisms in biological classifications of organisms, Current status of classification and phylogeny of microorganisms. Super kingdoms of Archae, Bacteria and Eucarya. Bergy's manuals. Microbial associations.

Morphology and enumeration of microorganisms. Aseptic techniques and handling of microorganisms. Introduction to the role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles. Global distribution of microorganism.

Growth and nutrition of microorganisms: Batch and continuous cultures, Nutritional types, Microbial bio-assay, Culture media, and Metabolism of microorganisms. Aerobic, Anaerobic and Fermentative catabolic types.

Control of microorganisms: Mechanisms of cell damage, Chemical disinfectants & Antiseptics, Antimicrobial drugs & Antimicrobial sensitivity tests; Safety in handling pathogenic and potentially dangerous microorganisms, Health and diseases, Universal Precautions and laboratory safety;

Drinking water, milk and food microbiology: use of microorganisms in food processing, Fermentation industry; Microorganisms, organic matter and management of agricultural soil: Biotic component of the soil, Soil quality, Flooded rice soils, Importance of organic matter, Bio-fertilizers and Natural-Fertilizers, Effects of current agricultural practices on the biotic component, use of microbial inocula.

Microbiology of Urban Solid Waste Management: Composting; Microbiology of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater treatments: Waterborne diseases, Multistage treatment processes and microbiological aspects, Aerobic and Anaerobic Activated Sludge Treatment Processes, Biogas, Microbiology of oxidation ditches and Treatment ponds & Lagoons; Introduction to Bio deterioration and its control, Deterioration of wood, leather and glass; Introduction to Microorganisms and modern biotechnologies: Bioleaching, production of fuels, Production of microbial biomass.

BT 3120 MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT (30 h lectures and 50 h practical )

Tthe environment. Uniqueness of Man. Evolution of man. Human populations, natural he biosphere. Man's dependence on resources and limits to growth. Impact of man on the biosphere; Environmental deterioration caused by deforestation, processes of obtaining food, agriculture, mining, utilization of coastal resources. Pollution by industry, agrochemicals, solid waste, heat, noise, radiation, with special emphasis on global issues such as acid rain, Ozone-layer depletion. Methods and legislation for pollution control. Waste disposal ; Family planning and population control ; Conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources; Environmental impact assessment.

3121 FLORICULTURE ( 30 h lectures and 50 h practical)

DHorticultural crops, Ornamental horticulture, Amenity horticulture; Floricultural products; isciplines in agriculture: Horticultural classification; Sri Lanka's floriculture industry; Commercial floriculture: Outdoor floriculture, Indoor floriculture (Protected cultivation); Plant propagation (Ref. Second Year Syllabus); Irrigation; Soil: Mineral soils and organic soils, Properties of soil, Soil organic matter, Soil organisms, Soil Management; Soil fertility: Mineral nutrition in plants, Factors affecting nutrient availability, Nutrient depletion; Fertilizers and manures: Organic fertilizers, Inorganic / Chemical fertilizers, Fertilizer timing, placement and techniques of application; Specific crops (e.g. Orchid culture).

3122 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (30 h lectures and 50 h practical)

Introduction to biotechnologies; plant biotechnology, applications, Biotechnology in crop propagation and improvement; plant propagation and somatic embryo genesis, hybridization and selection, genetic engineering of plants, Biotechnology in crop protection; Biological control of plant pathogens & pests, inducing disease suppressive soils, weed control by pathogens; Post harvest technology; post harvest losses in fruits and vegetables, commercial application, Bioreactors and fermentation technologies; secondary metabolite production through cell cultures, fermentation technology for food, energy, pharmaceutical beverage production, Environmental biotechnology; biodegradation control, use of Inoculants in domestic and industrial waste management, microorganisms and novel pollution problems, regulatory issues and environmental release of genetically engineered organisms, Commercialization of plant biotechnology; design of commercial laboratories, biotechnological laboratories and their profitable management.